Consider the following: 1. Demographic performance 2. Forest and ecol...

UPSC Prelims 2023 Economy

Consider the following:
1. Demographic performance
2. Forest and ecology
3. Governance reforms
4. Stable government
5. Tax and fiscal efforts

For the horizontal tax devolution, the Fifteenth Finance Commission used how many of the above as criteria other than population area and income distance?

Explanation

Based on principles of need, equity and performance, overall devolution formula is as given in the chart:

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