Abraham Accords
International Relations
- PYQs5
- Articles1
Background
UPSC cares about the Abraham Accords as they represent a major shift in West Asian geopolitics, impacting regional stability, the Israel-Palestine conflict, and the role of the US in international diplomacy. Understanding these accords is crucial for analyzing contemporary international relations and India's foreign policy interests in the region.
The Abraham Accords are a series of US-brokered normalization agreements initiated during the Trump administration, primarily aimed at establishing diplomatic, economic, and security ties between Israel and several Arab and Muslim-majority nations. These accords represent a significant shift in West Asian diplomacy, challenging traditional approaches to the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Facts & tables
- Origin
- Initiated by the United States under President Donald Trump in 2020.
- Initial Signatories
- United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain were the first to normalize relations with Israel.
- Subsequent Signatories
- Sudan, Morocco, and Kazakhstan later joined the accords.
- Core Objective
- To promote cooperation and establish full diplomatic ties between Israel and participating countries, fostering regional stability and economic integration.
| Country | Year of Normalization |
|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | 2020 |
| Bahrain | 2020 |
| Sudan | 2020 |
| Morocco | 2020 |
| Kazakhstan | Recent |
| Type | Reference |
|---|---|
| Conceptual area | Geopolitics & International Conflicts |
| Body | Role |
|---|---|
| United States | Brokered |
| Israel | Party to agreement |
| United Arab Emirates | Party to agreement |
| Bahrain | Party to agreement |
Prelims angle
Prelims angle: Statement-based questions
Prelims angle: Factual recall
- US-brokered normalization agreements between Israel and Arab/Muslim nations.
- Initial signatories: UAE, Bahrain (2020).
- Later joined by Sudan, Morocco, Kazakhstan.
- Aims to foster regional cooperation and stability.
- Challenges traditional approaches to Israel-Palestine conflict.
| Year | Framing tags |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall |
| 2023 | Statement-based questions, Factual recall |
| 2023 | Factual recall |
| 2022 | Statement-based questions, Factual recall |
| 2014 | Factual recall |
Timeline
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Geopolitics & International Conflicts
Conceptual area
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Prelims 2014
Factual recall
-
Prelims 2022
Statement-based questions, Factual recall
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Prelims 2023
Statement-based questions, Factual recall
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Prelims 2023
Factual recall
-
Prelims 2024
Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall
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U.S. Military carries out ‘self-defence’ strikes in Iran, including on missile launch sites
The Abraham Accords are US-brokered agreements normalizing relations between Israel and several Arab/Muslim nations (UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, Morocco, Kazakhstan), aiming for regional cooperation and challenging traditional West Asian diplomatic paradigms.
See also
Past papers
2014–2024 · 5 questions
In the news
U.S. Military carries out ‘self-defence’ strikes in Iran, including on missile launch sites
The Abraham Accords are US-brokered agreements normalizing relations between Israel and several Arab/Muslim nations (UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, Morocco, Kazakhstan), aiming for regional cooperation and challenging traditional West Asian diplomatic paradigms.
Try these PYQs
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I :Israel has established diplomatic relations with some Arab States.
Statement-II :The 'Arab Peace Initiative' Mediated by Saudi Arabia was signed by Israel and Arab League.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
* Statement I is correct: Several Arab states, including Egypt, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan, have established diplomatic relations with Israel. * Statement II is incorrect: The Arab Peace Initiative, mediated by Saudi Arabia, was endorsed by the Arab League but not signed by Israel. It outlines a path towards peace in exchange for Israeli concessions, but Israel has not formally accepted all its terms.
Consider the following pairs :
Country | Reason for being in the news|
|- | -|
|1. Argentina | Worst economic crisis|
|2. Sudan | War between the country's regular army and paramilitary forces|
|3. Turkey | Rescinded its membership of NATO|
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
* Argentina - Worst economic crisis: Correct. Argentina has been facing a severe economic crisis for a while, marked by high inflation, debt, and poverty. * Sudan - War between the country's regular army and paramilitary forces: Correct. Sudan has been engulfed in a violent conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. * Turkey - Rescinded its membership of NATO: Incorrect. Turkey has not rescinded its membership of NATO. While there have been tensions between Turkey and other NATO members, it remains a member. _Therefore, only two out of the three pairs are correctly matched._
Consider the following statements:
1. Bidibidi is a large refugee settlement in north -western Kenya.
2. Some people who fled from South Sudan civil war live in Bidibidi.
3. Some people who fled from civil war in Somalia live in Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Bidibidi is a large refugee settlement in northwestern Uganda, not Kenya. Statement 2 is Correct: People fleeing the civil war in South Sudan have been hosted in the Bidibidi settlement. Statement 3 is Correct: The Dadaab refugee complex is located in Kenya and houses refugees, including those who fled the civil war in Somalia. Therefore, the correct statements are 2 and 3 only.
In the recent years Chad, Guinea, Mali and Sudan caught the international attention for which one of the following reasons common to all of them?
* Successful Coups There have been several military coups in these countries in recent years - Chad (2021) - Guinea (2021) - Mali (2020, 2021) - Sudan (2019) * Military coups often lead to political instability, international concern about human rights, and potential disruption to trade and regional security.
Recently, a series of uprisings of people referred to as ‘Arab Spring’ originally started from
* The Arab Spring uprisings originally started in Tunisia. * In December 2010, a young Tunisian street vendor named Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire in protest of police harassment. This act of desperation sparked widespread demonstrations throughout Tunisia, demanding an end to corruption, unemployment, and political repression. * The success of the Tunisian revolution, which eventually led to the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, inspired similar protests across the Arab world, becoming known as the Arab Spring.