UPSC Notes

Animal Welfare and Protection in India

PYQs

7

Articles

1

Momentum

19

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

Examines the effectiveness of legal frameworks, role of statutory bodies (AWBI), judicial interventions, ethical governance, public health implications (rabies control), and challenges in implementing welfare policies.

Animal welfare in India is governed by various legal frameworks, primarily the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, and specific rules like the Animal Birth Control (Dogs) Rules, 2001, now superseded by the ABC Rules, 2023. These frameworks aim to prevent cruelty, regulate animal management, and promote humane treatment, especially for community animals.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

ABC Rules, 2023

Mandate humane capture, geotagging, CCTVs in OTs, pre/post-operative care, clean kennels, food/water, and organ inspection committees.

Supreme Court's Stance

Dismissed petitions against cruelty but upheld allowing organizations without AWBI recognition to perform sterilizations.

Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)

A statutory advisory body under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, responsible for promoting animal welfare and preventing cruelty.

Implementation Issues

Widespread violations of ABC Rules, botched surgeries, starvation, lack of post-operative care, ineffective vaccination due to poor cold chain.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaEnvironmental Law & Policy
Conceptual areaConstitutional & Statutory Bodies
Conceptual areaWelfare Schemes & Social Policies

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)Regulates and advises
Supreme Court of IndiaInterprets and upholds laws
Local Bodies (Municipalities, Corporations)Implements abc programs
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • ABC Rules, 2023, mandate humane practices for community dog sterilization.
  • AWBI is a statutory body for animal welfare, but its recognition is not always mandatory for ABC.
  • Supreme Court has intervened on ABC program implementation.
  • Widespread violations include botched surgeries, starvation, and poor vaccination.
  • Calls for shifting animal management to Animal Husbandry Department.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Environmental Law & PolicyConstitutional & Statutory BodiesWelfare Schemes & Social Policies

Tamil Nadu failing at animal birth control

06 Sep 2026 · India's animal welfare framework, particularly the ABC Rules, faces significant implementation challenges due to outsourcing, lack of oversight, and ethical breaches, despite Supreme Court directives and the role of AWBI.

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Related topics

Current topic

Animal Welfare and Protection in India

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 7 linked questions on Animal Welfare and Protection in India in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Animal Welfare and Protection in India

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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