UPSC Notes

BRICS

PYQs

16

Articles

6

Momentum

57

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

UPSC frequently asks about international groupings, their objectives, India's role, and their impact on global governance and India's foreign policy. BRICS is crucial for understanding the evolving multipolar world order and India's strategic interests.

BRICS is an acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It was formed to promote cooperation among its members and to address global economic and political issues, often advocating for a more multipolar world order.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Member Countries

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

Formation

Initially BRIC (2006), South Africa joined in 2010

Key Initiatives

New Development Bank (NDB), Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)

Objectives

Economic cooperation, political dialogue, addressing global challenges, reforming global governance

Original Members

Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRIC, 2006); South Africa joined in 2010.

Recent Expansion (Jan 2024)

UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran joined as full members.

Core Objectives

Promote economic cooperation, sustainable development, and a more inclusive global governance structure.

Global Significance

Represents a significant portion of the world's population and GDP, amplifying the voice of developing countries.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaGeopolitics & International Conflicts
Conceptual areaInternational Relations
Conceptual areaInternational Financial Institutions

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
BRICSIntergovernmental organization
New Development BankFinancial arm
New Development Bank (NDB)Financial arm
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Comprises Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa.
  • Aims for economic, political, and cultural cooperation.
  • Established New Development Bank (NDB) and Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA).
  • India plays an active role, hosting summits and working groups.
  • Seeks to reform global governance structures.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Geopolitics & International ConflictsInternational RelationsInternational Financial Institutions

India to Host the Second BRICS Anti-Corruption Working Group Meeting in Hyderabad under Its BRICS Presidency

03 Aug 2026 · BRICS is a major intergovernmental organization of five emerging economies focused on economic, political, and cultural cooperation, aiming to create a more equitable global order.

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Turning economic cooperation into shared prosperity

10 Sep 2026 · BRICS is a major grouping of emerging economies focused on economic cooperation and a multipolar world order, recently expanded to include more Global South nations, with India playing a significant role.

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At BRICS, India’s task is to keep the Ukraine peace process moving

10 Sep 2026 · BRICS is a major emerging economies bloc aiming for a multipolar world, economic cooperation, and global governance reform, with India playing a key role in its deliberations on international issues.

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The BRICS bank — an alternative that wasn’t

12 Sep 2026 · BRICS is a grouping of major emerging economies aiming to foster cooperation and create alternatives to Western-dominated global financial and political structures, though its effectiveness in achieving these goals is a subject of ongoing debate.

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A BRICS primer for the ‘naraz fufas’

12 Sep 2026 · BRICS is an intergovernmental organization of five major emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) focused on economic cooperation, global governance reform, and providing an alternative voice in international affairs.

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At BRICS, more options, a win for diplomacy

14 Sep 2026 · BRICS is a key grouping of emerging economies aiming for greater global influence and cooperation, with India playing a significant role in its economic and political agenda.

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Related topics

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 16 linked questions on BRICS in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on BRICS

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

With reference to a grouping of countries known as BRICS, consider the following statements: 1. The First Summit of BRICS was held in Rio de Janeiro in 2009....

2014·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS: I. 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan. II. Indonesia has become a ful...

2025·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

2016·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following statements about G-20: 1. The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor...

2023·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following statements in respect of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): I. It provides loans and guarantees to mid...

2025·Economy
Solve

With reference to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), consider the following statements : 1. AIIB has more than 80 member nations. 2. India is the...

2019·International Relations
Solve

In the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, an initiative of six countries, which of the following is/are not participant/ participants? 1. Bangladesh 2. Cambodia 3. Ch...

2015·International Relations
Solve

India is a member of which of the following? 1. Asia-Pacific economic corporation. 2. Association of South-East Asian Nations. 3. East Asia Summit Select t...

2015·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following: 1. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 2. Missile Technology Control Regime 3. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation India is a member ...

2022·International Relations
Solve

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

2016·International Relations
Solve

India is one of the founding members of the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), a multimodal transportation corridor, which will connect

2025·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following countries : 1. Australia 2. Canada 3. China 4. India 5. Japan 6. USA Which of the above are among the 'free-trade partners' of ...

2018·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Recently, Venezuela has achieved a rapid recovery from its economic crisis and succeeded in preventing its p...

2024·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following pairs : Country | Reason for being in the news| |- | -| |1. Argentina | Worst economic crisis| |2. Sudan | War between the country's ...

2024·International Relations
Solve

Which of the following is not a member of ‘Gulf Cooperation Council’?

2016·International Relations
Solve

The ‘Fortaleza Declaration’ recently in the news, is related to the affairs of:

2015·International Relations
Solve

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