UPSC Notes

Caste Discrimination and Untouchability

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

UPSC examines the constitutional provisions, legal frameworks, and socio-economic challenges associated with caste discrimination, its impact on social justice, and government efforts to eradicate it.

Caste discrimination and untouchability are deeply entrenched social evils in India, historically leading to the marginalization and oppression of certain communities. The Indian Constitution, through its Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, explicitly prohibits discrimination on grounds of caste and abolishes untouchability, aiming to establish an egalitarian society.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Constitutional Prohibition

Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Abolition of Untouchability

Article 17 abolishes 'Untouchability' and forbids its practice in any form.

Legal Framework

The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, are key laws to combat these practices.

Impact

Leads to social exclusion, economic disparity, and denial of dignity, particularly affecting Scheduled Castes.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaSocial Justice & Development

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)Investigates and monitors matters relating to safeguards provided for scs
JudiciaryInterprets laws and delivers justice in cases of discrimination
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Prelims angle: Conceptual understanding

Quick revision

  • Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination.
  • Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability.
  • Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.
  • SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.
  • Challenges to social justice and equality.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Social Justice & Development

BJP MLA Jai Devi Kaushal alleges caste discrimination at Uttar Pradesh temple event

21 Aug 2026 · Caste discrimination, prohibited by Articles 15 and 17 of the Constitution, remains a persistent social issue despite legal safeguards like the Protection of Civil Rights Act and the SC/ST (PoA) Act, hindering social justice and equality.

Read article

Related topics

Current topic

Caste Discrimination and Untouchability

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Caste Discrimination and Untouchability in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Caste Discrimination and Untouchability

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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