Digital Public Infrastructure for Health (DPI-H) & Interoperability
Science & Technology
- PYQs8
- Articles1
Background
Understanding DPI-H and interoperability is crucial for analyzing the future of healthcare delivery, e-governance, data management, and the role of technology in achieving universal health coverage, relevant for GS2 and GS3.
Digital Public Infrastructure for Health refers to the shared digital platforms, services, and standards that enable seamless exchange of health information and delivery of healthcare services across various stakeholders. Interoperability is the key principle ensuring different digital systems can communicate and exchange data effectively.
Facts & tables
- Definition
- Shared digital platforms and standards enabling seamless health information exchange and service delivery.
- Core Principle
- Interoperability, allowing diverse systems to communicate and share data.
- Key Initiatives
- National Health Claims Exchange (NHCX), Unified Health Interface (UHI), Drug Registry, Common LOINC Codes for India (CLCI), Bharat Health Terminology Service (BHTS).
- Benefits
- Enhanced accessibility, efficiency, reduced administrative burden, improved data quality, and clinical decision-making.
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| National Health Claims Exchange (NHCX) | Standardized exchange of health claims information. |
| Unified Health Interface (UHI) | Connects citizens with healthcare providers through an interoperable framework. |
| Drug Registry | Standardizes medicine-related information and coding. |
| Common LOINC Codes for India (CLCI) | Standardized representation of laboratory observations. |
| Bharat Health Terminology Service (BHTS) | Provides access to standardized healthcare terminologies. |
| Type | Reference |
|---|---|
| Conceptual area | Welfare Schemes & Social Policies |
| Body | Role |
|---|---|
| National Health Authority (NHA) | Develops/promotes |
| National Resource Centre for EHR Standards (NRCeS) | Develops standards |
Prelims angle
Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis
Prelims angle: Policy measures
- Shared digital platforms and standards for health.
- Ensures seamless data exchange (interoperability).
- Key components: NHCX, UHI, Drug Registry, CLCI, BHTS.
- Aims to standardize health information and processes.
- Improves efficiency, data quality, and patient care.
| Year | Framing tags |
|---|---|
| 2026 | Statement-based questions, Factual recall |
| 2026 | Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall |
| 2022 | Multi-statement analysis, Conceptual understanding |
| 2022 | Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall |
| 2020 | Terminology-based question, Factual recall |
| 2018 | Multi-statement analysis, Policy measures |
| 2018 | Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall |
| 2017 | Factual recall, Multi-statement analysis |
Timeline
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Welfare Schemes & Social Policies
Conceptual area
-
Prelims 2017
Factual recall, Multi-statement analysis
-
Prelims 2018
Multi-statement analysis, Policy measures
-
Prelims 2018
Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall
-
Prelims 2020
Terminology-based question, Factual recall
-
Prelims 2022
Multi-statement analysis, Conceptual understanding
-
Prelims 2022
Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall
-
Prelims 2026
Statement-based questions, Factual recall
-
Prelims 2026
Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall
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Union Health Minister Shri J.P. Nadda to Launch Aarogya Setu 2.0 and Other Digital Initiatives for Health Sector on 29th June, 2026
A framework of shared digital platforms, services, and standards (like NHCX, UHI, CLCI) designed to ensure seamless, secure, and efficient exchange of health information across the diverse healthcare ecosystem in India.
See also
Past papers
2017–2026 · 8 questions
In the news
Union Health Minister Shri J.P. Nadda to Launch Aarogya Setu 2.0 and Other Digital Initiatives for Health Sector on 29th June, 2026
A framework of shared digital platforms, services, and standards (like NHCX, UHI, CLCI) designed to ensure seamless, secure, and efficient exchange of health information across the diverse healthcare ecosystem in India.
Try these PYQs
Which of the following is/are the aim/aims of "Digital India" Plan of the Government of India?
1. Formation of India's own Internet companies like China did.
2. Establish a policy framework to encourage overseas multinational corporations that collect Big Data to build their large data centres within our national geographical boundaries.
3. Connect many of our villages to the Internet and bring Wi-Fi to many of our school, public places and major tourist centres
Select the correct answer using the code given below
* Statement 1 is not correct: The formation of India’s own internet companies, similar to China’s approach, is not an aim of the Digital India programme. The initiative focuses on creating digital infrastructure, providing digital services, and promoting digital literacy — not establishing government-backed internet firms. * Statement 2 is not correct: The Digital India plan does not include any policy framework to attract foreign multinational corporations to build data centres in India. While data localisation and data centre policies have emerged later under different frameworks, they are not part of the original Digital India objectives. * Statement 3 is correct: One of the key aims of Digital India is to connect villages through broadband and to provide Wi-Fi access in schools, public places, and tourist centres. This is part of its core pillars like Broadband Highways, Public Internet Access Programme, and Early Harvest Programmes.
In India, the term “Public Key Infrastructure” is used in the context of
In India, the term "Public Key Infrastructure" (PKI) is used in the context of digital security infrastructure. PKI is a system that facilitates secure electronic communication and transactions by using digital certificates, certificate authorities, and other related components. It plays a vital role in ensuring the authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity of data exchanged online.
Consider the following statements about Mission Sudarshan Chakra of India:
1. It aims to enhance India's air defence, ballistic missile defence and aerial offensive capabilities.
2. This Mission is being designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India's strategic autonomy.
3. One of the aims of this Mission is to cover all public places of India by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is Correct: Mission Sudarshan Chakra is designed as a multi-domain security umbrella. It explicitly aims to enhance India's air defence, ballistic missile defence, and aerial offensive capabilities, acting as both a defensive shield and an offensive sword. Statement 2 is Correct: The mission integrates advanced technologies like AI, space-based sensors, and directed energy weapons to ensure rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses. This indigenous development (incorporating projects like Project Kusha) is specifically aimed at reinforcing India's strategic autonomy and self-reliance in the defence sector. Statement 3 is Correct: A major distinguishing feature of this initiative is its expanded scope. Announced as a 10-year national security initiative, a stated goal of the mission is to bring all public places (including hospitals, railways, and religious/cultural sites) under an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035, moving beyond the conventional protection of just military and strategic installations. Therefore, the correct option is A.
In India, it is legally mandatory for which of the following to report on cybersecurity incidents?
1. Service providers
2. Data centres
3. Body corporate
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
In India, section 70-B of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (the IT Act) gives the Central Government the power to appoint an agency of the government to be called the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team. Further, it is legally mandatory for service providers, data centres and body corporates to report on cybersecurity incidents as outlined in the Information Technology (The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team and Manner of Performing Functions and Duties) Rules, 2013, which were notified under the Information Technology Act, 2000.
Consider the following
1. Aarogya Setu
2. CoWIN
3. Digi Locker
4. DIKSHA
Which of the above are built on top of open-source digital platforms?
An open-source digital platform is essentially a software platform where the underlying code is freely available for anyone to see, modify, and distribute. This openness fosters collaboration, transparency, and innovation in software development. All of the above (1. Aarogya Setu, 2. CoWIN, 3. Digi Locker, 4. DIKSHA) are built on top of open-source digital platforms. - Aarogya Setu initially wasn't open-source, but the Indian government later made its source code available. - CoWIN leverages open-source software for its development. - DigiLocker utilizes an open-source platform called Digital Locker System.
- DIKSHA is built on the open-source platform Sunbird.
Show 3 more PYQs
Which of the following statements with regard to the National Quantum Mission (NQM) is/are correct?
1. It aims at developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits.
2. Its implementation includes setting up of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in academic and national R&D institutes across India.
Select the answer using the code given below:
Statement 1 is Correct: The National Quantum Mission (NQM) aims to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50 to 1000 physical qubits within 8 years. Specifically, it targets 50–100 physical qubits in 5 years and scales up to 50–1000 physical qubits in 8 years using platforms like superconducting and photonic technology. Statement 2 is Correct: The implementation of the mission explicitly includes the establishment of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in top academic and national R&D institutes across India. These hubs focus on distinct technology verticals: Quantum Computing (led by IISc Bengaluru), Quantum Communication (led by IIT Madras), Quantum Sensing & Metrology (led by IIT Bombay), and Quantum Materials & Devices (led by IIT Delhi). Therefore, both statements are correct.
"3D printing" has applications in which of the following?
1. Preparation of confectionery items
2. Manufacture of bionic ears
3. Automotive industry
4. Reconstructive surgeries
5. Data processing technologies
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. It is used in a wide range of industries and has various applications. It can be used to create intricate and customized shapes in confectionery items like chocolates, candies, and other desserts. It has been used to create customized bionic ears for people with hearing impairments. It is used in the automotive industry for rapid prototyping, manufacturing of customized parts, and even some production of vehicle components. It is used in reconstructive surgeries to create patient-specific implants, prosthetics, and surgical guides. It can be used to create specialized components and parts for data processing technologies, such as computer hardware. Therefore, all the five statements are correct.
With reference to Web 3-0, consider the following statements :
1. Web 3-0 technology enables people to control their own data.
2. In Web 3-0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks.
3. Web 3-0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statement 1 is correct. A key aspect of Web 3.0 is the concept of decentralization, where users have more control and ownership over their personal data, rather than having it stored and controlled by centralized platforms. Statement 2 is correct. Blockchain technology is a core component of Web 3.0, and it can enable the creation of decentralized, user-owned social networks and platforms. Statement 3 is correct. The decentralized nature of Web 3.0 means that it is not controlled by a single corporation or entity, but rather operated and maintained collectively by the users and participants in the network. Therefore, all three statements regarding Web 3.0 are correct.