Background
Overview
This concept is crucial for understanding the intersection of technology, governance, and individual liberties in a democratic society. It tests knowledge of constitutional principles, the challenges of regulating emerging technologies, and the balance between state security and citizen rights, frequently appearing in GS2 (Polity & Governance) and GS3 (Internal Security & Science & Technology).
Digital surveillance involves the use of advanced technologies like Facial Recognition Systems (FRS), CCTV, and AI-powered analytics by state agencies for monitoring individuals. While often justified for public safety, its deployment raises critical concerns regarding the fundamental Right to Privacy, guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, and highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive legal framework to ensure proportionality, transparency, and accountability.