Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
This concept is critical for India's economic growth (Viksit Bharat), industrial development, rural empowerment, and achieving energy security goals. It directly relates to infrastructure development, public sector efficiency, and social justice, making it a recurring theme in UPSC examinations.
The Indian electricity sector has achieved near 100% household connectivity through schemes like DDUGJY and SAUBHAGYA. However, the distribution segment, particularly state-owned DISCOMs, faces persistent challenges including ageing infrastructure, high Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses, and inadequate investment, hindering the delivery of quality and reliable power.