Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
Federalism is a cornerstone of Indian governance, essential for understanding power distribution, regional aspirations, and the functioning of the polity. UPSC frequently tests knowledge on Centre-State relations, challenges to federalism, and the constitutional provisions safeguarding state autonomy, making it a recurring theme in both Prelims and Mains.
Federalism is a system of government where power is constitutionally divided between a central authority and various constituent units. In India, the Constitution establishes a dual polity with distinct powers for the Union and State governments, with State rights referring to the autonomy and powers granted to these state units within this framework.