UPSC Notes

Gene Editing Technology

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

It represents a frontier in science and technology with profound implications for human health, agriculture, and bioethics, requiring robust policy and regulatory frameworks.

Gene editing refers to a group of biotechnologies that enable scientists to precisely modify an organism's DNA by adding, removing, or altering genetic material at specific locations. This revolutionary field holds significant promise for treating genetic diseases and developing advanced biological applications.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Mechanism

Utilizes molecular tools (like CRISPR-Cas9) to cut DNA at specific sites, allowing for targeted insertions, deletions, or replacements.

Applications

Treatment of genetic disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis), cancer therapy, development of disease-resistant crops, and potential for lowering cholesterol.

Ethical Concerns

Debates around germline editing (heritable changes), off-target effects, potential for misuse, and equitable access to therapies.

Key Tool

CRISPR-Cas9 system, adapted from a bacterial immune defense mechanism, is currently the most widely used and efficient gene-editing tool.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaBiotechnology & Genetic Engineering
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Conceptual understanding

Quick revision

  • Precise DNA modification.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 is a key tool.
  • Treats genetic diseases, potential for cholesterol reduction.
  • Raises significant ethical concerns (germline editing).
  • Part of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering
Prelims 2023· Factual recall, Terminology-based question

One shot to lower bad cholesterol? An Expert Explains how new gene-editing therapy works

19 Aug 2026 · Gene editing technology, primarily using tools like CRISPR-Cas9, allows precise DNA modification to treat genetic diseases and develop new biological applications, while also raising critical ethical and regulatory questions.

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Related topics

Current topic

Gene Editing Technology

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Gene Editing Technology in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Gene Editing Technology

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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