Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC frequently examines the environmental consequences of development, challenges in biodiversity conservation, and the importance of ecological connectivity. This concept provides a framework to understand how human development projects interact with natural ecosystems and species survival.
Large-scale infrastructure projects, such as roads, railways, dams, and border walls, often lead to habitat fragmentation, disruption of wildlife corridors, and direct mortality of species, significantly impacting biodiversity and ecosystem health. These projects can isolate populations, reduce genetic diversity, and hinder species migration, posing major challenges for conservation efforts.