UPSC Notes

India's Nuclear Energy Regulatory Framework

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

Crucial for the governance of critical infrastructure, has national security implications, impacts international technology transfer and 'Make in India' considerations, and addresses regulatory challenges in emerging nuclear technologies.

India's nuclear energy sector is governed by a robust regulatory framework, including the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). Recent draft rules under the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Act aim to streamline and ensure the safety and strategic alignment of nuclear technology acquisition.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

SHANTI Act

Proposed legislation for the sustainable harnessing and advancement of nuclear energy in India.

Key Regulatory Rule

Foreign nuclear technology must be design-certified by its country of origin's regulator AND already operational there or in another foreign country.

Purpose of Rules

To ensure public health, safety, and conformity with national policies framed under the Act.

Implication

Favors countries with proven, operational nuclear technologies (e.g., Russia's SMRs) over those with designs still in certification.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaIndian Economy
Conceptual areaScience & Technology

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)Frames rules
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)Certifies/approves designs
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Statement-based questions

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Governed by DAE and AERB.
  • SHANTI Act rules for nuclear energy advancement.
  • Mandates foreign tech to be design-certified and operational.
  • Ensures public safety and national policy conformity.
  • Impacts global competition for nuclear tech in India.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Indian EconomyScience & Technology

Russia’s SMR edge: Why India’s new nuclear rules could favour Moscow

16 Aug 2026 · India's SHANTI Act rules mandate foreign nuclear technology to be design-certified and operational, influencing technology acquisition and favoring proven systems for safety and strategic alignment.

Read article

Related topics

Current topic

India's Nuclear Energy Regulatory Framework

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UPSC Prelims PYQs on India's Nuclear Energy Regulatory Framework

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