Background
Overview
UPSC frequently examines the role, challenges, and effectiveness of international organizations, particularly those dealing with justice, human rights, and international law. The controversies surrounding the ICC highlight the complexities of international governance, state sovereignty, and the pursuit of global accountability for grave crimes.
International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is a set of rules seeking to limit the effects of armed conflict, protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in hostilities and restricting the means and methods of warfare. Key instruments include the Genocide Convention of 1948, and its enforcement relies on international justice mechanisms like the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC).