Background
Overview
UPSC examines global migration patterns, their socio-economic and geopolitical drivers, impacts on host and origin countries, challenges of border management, human rights implications, and the role of international law and cooperation in addressing such crises. It also assesses how migration influences bilateral relations and domestic politics.
Irregular migration refers to the movement of people across international borders without authorization or overstaying legal permits, often driven by factors like conflict, poverty, and economic disparity. This phenomenon presents complex challenges for national security, border management, human rights, and international relations, frequently becoming a point of contention between states and a significant humanitarian concern.