Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC focuses on internal security threats, including the complex relationship between organized crime (like drug trafficking, illegal mining) and non-state armed groups, and its implications for governance, law enforcement, and international cooperation.
The nexus between organized crime, particularly drug trafficking and illegal mining, and insurgent or guerrilla groups often fuels prolonged conflicts, undermines state authority, and poses severe threats to national security and economic stability.