UPSC Notes

Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Agricultural Lending

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

NPAs in agriculture are a critical economic issue affecting both the banking sector's health and the viability of agricultural finance. Understanding their causes, impact, and policy responses (like loan waivers or credit restructuring) is crucial for analyzing India's economic stability and agrarian distress.

Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in agricultural lending refer to loans where the borrower has failed to make interest or principal payments for a specified period, typically 90 days. High NPAs pose a significant challenge to the financial health of banks and their ability to extend further credit to the agricultural sector.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Impact on Banks

High NPAs impact banks' profitability, capital adequacy, and their capacity to extend further credit.

Contributing Factors

Often caused by agricultural risks such as crop failure, price volatility, lack of market access, and sometimes exacerbated by loan waivers.

Mitigation Efforts

Government schemes like KCC aim to improve repayment discipline through incentives such as interest subvention.

Data Availability

The article provides state-wise data on KCC NPAs in Scheduled Commercial Banks, indicating the scale of the issue across regions.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaBanking Sector
Conceptual areaAgrarian Distress

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)Regulates
Scheduled Commercial BanksAffected party/lender
Ministry of FinancePolicy oversight
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Conceptual understanding

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Quick revision

  • Loans where principal/interest payments are overdue (typically 90 days).
  • Impacts bank profitability and future lending capacity.
  • Caused by crop failure, price volatility, market issues.
  • Government schemes like KCC aim to mitigate through incentives.
  • Significant concern for financial stability and agricultural credit flow.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Banking SectorAgrarian Distress

Every ₹1 invested under Kisan Credit Card– Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (KCC-MISS) contributes ₹2.30 to net value addition in the agriculture & allied sector, Third-party Assessment says

03 Aug 2026 · Agricultural NPAs represent a significant challenge to the banking sector's financial health and its capacity to extend credit to farmers, often stemming from agricultural risks and impacting overall economic stability.

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Related topics

Current topic

Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Agricultural Lending

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Agricultural Lending in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Agricultural Lending

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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