UPSC Notes

Paris Agreement and its Temperature Targets

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

Understanding the foundational international climate agreement, its specific targets, and the scientific rationale behind them is crucial for analyzing global climate policy, India's commitments, and the challenges of climate action. The implications of failing to meet these targets are also highly relevant.

The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty adopted in 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Its central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global average temperature rise this century to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Primary Goal

Limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels.

Origin

Adopted at COP 21 in Paris in 2015 by 193 countries and the European Union.

Mechanism

Nations submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) outlining their climate actions.

Significance of 1.5°C

Reduces severity of climate risks compared to 2°C, though not a 'safe' level.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaInternational Environmental Agreements

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)Publishes reports, assesses progress
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)Facilitates negotiations, oversees implementation
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Statement-based questions

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Paris Agreement (2015) aims for 'well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C' warming limit.
  • 1.5°C is not 'safe' but significantly reduces climate risks compared to 2°C.
  • UNEP report suggests 1.5°C overshoot is unavoidable, peaking at ~1.8°C.
  • Overshoot means exceeding the limit temporarily, then working to bring temperatures down.
  • Long-term warming is measured over decades, not single years.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

International Environmental Agreements

UNEP says 1.5°C ‘overshoot’ is now unavoidable. Here’s what this means for climate action

04 Sep 2026 · The Paris Agreement sets ambitious temperature goals (1.5°C and 2°C) to mitigate climate change, requiring global cooperation and national commitments (NDCs). The article highlights the challenge of meeting the 1.5°C target and the implications of an 'overshoot.'

Read article

Related topics

Current topic

Paris Agreement and its Temperature Targets

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Paris Agreement and its Temperature Targets in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Paris Agreement and its Temperature Targets

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The Agreement was signed by all...

2016·Environment & Ecology
Solve

The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should not exceed 2 °C above the pre-industrial level. If the global temperature increases bey...

2014·Environment & Ecology
Solve

Consider the following statements: Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustaina...

2025·Environment & Ecology
Solve

Consider the following statements: I. Without the atmosphere, temperature would be well below freezing point everywhere on the Earth's surface. II. Heat abs...

2025·Geography
Solve

Consider the following statements with reference to India's response to climate change : I. India's Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) is...

2026·Environment & Ecology
Solve

Which of the following statements regarding ‘Green Climate Fund’ is/are correct? 1. It is intended to assist the developing countries in adaptation and miti...

2015·Environment & Ecology
Solve

With reference to ‘Global Climate Change Alliance’, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is an initiative of the European Union. 2. It ...

2017·Environment & Ecology
Solve

The World Bank warned that India could become one of the first places where wet-bulb temperatures routinely exceed 35 °C. Which of the following statements b...

2025·Environment & Ecology
Solve

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