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Reformed Multilateralism

PYQs

2

Articles

1

Momentum

9

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

This concept is central to India's foreign policy objectives, its role in international forums like BRICS and G20, and the broader debate on the future of the international liberal order. It highlights the need for global cooperation in a multipolar world.

Reformed multilateralism refers to the ongoing efforts to update and restructure existing international institutions and norms, such as the UN, IMF, and World Bank, to better reflect contemporary global power dynamics, ensure greater inclusivity, and address new challenges more effectively.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

India's Vision

Articulated by PM Modi, advocating for a more representative and effective global order.

Key Objective

Addresses underrepresentation of emerging economies and the Global South in decision-making bodies.

Challenges

Resistance from established powers and emergence of parallel institutions (e.g., AIIB, mBridge).

Scope

Encompasses reforms in political (UNSC), economic (Bretton Woods), and emerging technological governance.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaInternational Relations Theory
Conceptual areaIndia's Foreign Policy
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • India advocates for updating global institutions.
  • Aims for greater representation of emerging economies.
  • Addresses issues like UNSC and Bretton Woods reform.
  • Contrasts with creation of parallel structures.
  • Key theme in India's engagement with BRICS and G20.

Topic timeline

International Relations TheoryIndia's Foreign Policy
Prelims 2022· Factual recall, Multi-statement analysis

Consider the following: 1. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 2. Missile Technology Control Regime 3. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation India is a member ...

Open question
Prelims 2025· Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall

Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS: I. 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan. II. Indonesia has become a ful...

Open question

India’s opportunity to put BRICS back together

08 Sep 2026 · Reformed multilateralism is India's push to update global institutions to reflect current power realities and ensure greater equity, facing challenges from both established powers and the rise of parallel structures by countries like China.

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Related topics

Current topic

Reformed Multilateralism

Often confused with

BRICS Grouping

Open notes

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 2 linked questions on Reformed Multilateralism in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

See Mains PYQsEvaluate an answer

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Reformed Multilateralism

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS: I. 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan. II. Indonesia has become a ful...

2025·International Relations
Solve

Consider the following: 1. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 2. Missile Technology Control Regime 3. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation India is a member ...

2022·International Relations
Solve

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