UPSC Notes

Regulation of Cryptocurrencies and Stablecoins

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

UPSC focuses on emerging technologies, their economic implications, and the regulatory challenges they pose for financial stability, innovation, and national security. Digital currencies are a key component of the evolving global financial landscape, impacting monetary policy, financial inclusion, and cross-border transactions.

Cryptocurrencies are decentralized digital assets, while stablecoins are a class of cryptocurrencies designed to maintain a stable value, often pegged to fiat currencies. Their rapid growth necessitates robust regulatory frameworks to address financial stability, consumer protection, and illicit activities.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Stablecoin definition and function

Stablecoins like USD1 are designed to maintain a stable value by being pegged to a currency or other assets, reducing volatility.

Regulatory initiatives for stablecoins

The GENIUS (Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins) Act lays out regulatory guidelines for stablecoins.

Cryptocurrency as a reserve asset

The U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve was created by executive order, treating Bitcoin as a long-term reserve asset.

Regulatory oversight bodies

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) grants approvals for crypto banks, and the SEC considers broader crypto regulations.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaDigital Financial Infrastructure

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)Grants conditional approval for crypto banks
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Considers regulations for crypto
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Conceptual understanding

Quick revision

  • Cryptocurrencies: Decentralized digital assets.
  • Stablecoins: Pegged to stable assets to reduce volatility.
  • Regulatory needs: Financial stability, consumer protection, AML/CFT.
  • Policy tools: Specific acts (e.g., GENIUS Act), reserve asset status.
  • Challenges: Balancing innovation with risk mitigation.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Digital Financial Infrastructure

World Liberty Financial | Trump’s crypto U-turn

30 Aug 2026 · The regulation of cryptocurrencies and stablecoins is crucial for integrating these digital assets into the mainstream financial system while mitigating risks related to volatility, financial crime, and systemic stability. It involves balancing innovation with robust oversight.

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Related topics

Current topic

Regulation of Cryptocurrencies and Stablecoins

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Regulation of Cryptocurrencies and Stablecoins in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Regulation of Cryptocurrencies and Stablecoins

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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