Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
This concept is central to democratic functioning, civil liberties, and often a subject of legal and political debate regarding its scope and limitations, especially in the context of public order and national security. UPSC frequently examines the balance between individual rights and state powers.
The Indian Constitution guarantees citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression and the right to assemble peacefully and without arms under Article 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(b) respectively. These rights are fundamental to a democratic society, allowing individuals and groups to express grievances and influence public policy.