Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
This concept is central to democratic functioning, civil liberties, and often a subject of legal and political debate regarding its scope and limitations, especially in the context of public order and national security. UPSC frequently examines the balance between individual rights and state powers.
The right to protest is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) (freedom of speech and expression) and Article 19(1)(b) (freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms) of the Indian Constitution. However, these rights are not absolute and are subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) and 19(3) in the interest of public order, sovereignty, and integrity of India.