Role of Media in Democracy and Governance

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The information received by Ms. X is confidential and the allegations are legally unproven. Immediately disclosing unverified information to the public violates the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules regarding confidentiality. It could lead to defamation, unwarranted public panic, and legal repercussions for the department. Statement 2 is Incorrect: Recommending the removal of the contractor based solely on unproven allegations and hearsay violates the principles of due process and natural justice. Decisions in public administration must be objective and evidence-based. Arbitrarily removing a contractor without a formal investigation undermines fair competition norms and the legal rights of the contractor. Statement 3 is Correct: Proposing a limited disclosure to an oversight committee or internal vigilance mechanism is the most ethical and administratively sound course of action. It balances the need for transparency and integrity with the requirement of confidentiality. This allows the proper institutional channels to verify the facts and conduct an investigation before any executive action is taken, without causing unnecessary project delays or public controversy. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

* The Separation of Powers between the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary constitute an important safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy. * The doctrine of Separation of powers entails the division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government among different organs. This separation minimizes the possibility of arbitrary excesses by the government since all three organs act as checks and balances on the powers of each other. Therefore, none of the three organs can usurp the essential functions of other organs. * This demarcation prevents the concentration of excessive power by any branch of the Government. It thus helps to safeguard the liberty and rights of the people in a democracy.

* The superior virtue of democracy lies in "the intelligence and character of ordinary men and women." * Democracy is built on citizen participation, where people are not just passive subjects but active contributors to governance.
It assumes that the collective wisdom of the people (when informed and engaged) can lead to better decision-making and promote the welfare of society. * While strong leadership and dedicated party workers play a role, democracy fundamentally empowers the citizenry, ensuring that governance is shaped by the will and values of the people rather than a select few. * Thus, the true strength of democracy lies in the intelligence, awareness, and character of its citizens, who drive the system through participation and informed choices.

As per Article 249 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament of India can legislate on a subject in the State List if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution stating that it is necessary in the national interest. This resolution must be approved by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting. Once passed, this resolution empowers Parliament to make laws on the specified subject for a period of one year, which can be extended further by passing another resolution.

The main advantage of a parliamentary form of government is that c) the executive remains responsible to the legislature. [Article 75(c)] Here's why the other options are not the main advantage: a) The executive and legislature actually work closely together in a parliamentary system, as the executive is drawn from the legislature.
b) Continuity of policy can be a benefit, but it's not the main advantage. Parliamentary systems can still be efficient in passing laws.
d) The head of government (Prime Minister) can be changed through a vote of no confidence in the legislature.