Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC evaluates the effectiveness of governance mechanisms (GS2) in managing complex internal security challenges (GS3), including the role of the state executive, law enforcement, and the engagement of non-state actors like civil society in maintaining peace, order, and ensuring public welfare.
The state executive is primarily responsible for maintaining law and order, ensuring public safety, and delivering essential services, especially in conflict-affected regions, often requiring collaboration with civil society organizations for effective conflict resolution and peacebuilding.