Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
Secularism is a foundational pillar of Indian democracy, frequently debated in the context of national identity, minority rights, and state policies. UPSC examines its constitutional provisions, judicial interpretations, and contemporary challenges, including those arising from national symbols.
Secularism, a basic feature of the Indian Constitution, ensures the state's impartial treatment of all religions, promoting religious harmony and equality. The Fundamental Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28) guarantees individuals the liberty to profess, practice, and propagate any religion, subject to reasonable restrictions, and prohibits religious instruction in state-funded educational institutions.