Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC frequently examines environmental challenges, international relations, and India's neighborhood policy, all of which intersect with transboundary environmental issues, especially in the context of shared Himalayan ecosystems and rivers.
Transboundary environmental issues arise when environmental problems originating in one country affect the environment or population of another country. These often involve shared natural resources like rivers, air basins, or ecosystems, and can lead to diplomatic tensions or necessitate international cooperation for resolution.