Tuberculosis Elimination Program in India
Social Justice & Development
- PYQs4
- Articles1
Background
This concept addresses a critical public health issue, national development goals (SDGs), government initiatives, indigenous R&D, policy formulation and implementation, socio-economic impact, and lessons from past public health interventions in India.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continuing to be a significant public health challenge globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India. India aims to eliminate TB by 2025, a goal that necessitates a comprehensive, multi-pronged public health strategy encompassing early detection, preventive therapy, vaccination, and nutritional support.
Facts & tables
- India's Burden
- Carries one of the world's highest TB burdens.
- Elimination Target
- Goal to eliminate TB by 2025, ahead of global SDG target of 2030.
- Strategic Pillars
- Improved diagnostics, preventive therapy, targeted vaccination, and nutritional support.
- Key Challenges
- Drug-resistant TB, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), and undernutrition impacting vaccine efficacy.
| Type | Reference |
|---|---|
| Conceptual area | Public Health |
| Conceptual area | Disease Control |
| Conceptual area | National Health Programs |
| Body | Role |
|---|---|
| Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) | Conducts/funds research, provides evidence for policy |
| World Health Organization (WHO) | Sets global standards, pre-qualification |
| SIIPL (Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.) | Develops/manufactures vaccines |
| Cadila (Zydus Cadila) | Develops/manufactures vaccines |
Prelims angle
Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis
Prelims angle: Institutional roles and functions
- India's 2025 TB elimination target is ambitious, requiring a multi-pronged strategy.
- Key pillars include early detection, preventive therapy, and targeted vaccination.
- Indigenous vaccine trials (PreVenTB for VPM1002, Immuvac) show promise, especially against EPTB and in children.
- Nutritional support is crucial for vaccine efficacy, highlighting broader health determinants.
- Pragmatic policy decisions, similar to Covaxin and rotavirus vaccines, are needed for early deployment of moderately effective tools.
| Year | Framing tags |
|---|---|
| 2024 | Multi-statement analysis, Institutional roles and functions |
| 2023 | Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall |
| 2017 | Factual recall, Institutional roles and functions |
| 2016 | Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall |
Timeline
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Public Health
Conceptual area
-
Disease Control
Conceptual area
-
National Health Programs
Conceptual area
-
Prelims 2016
Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall
-
Prelims 2017
Factual recall, Institutional roles and functions
-
Prelims 2023
Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall
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Prelims 2024
Multi-statement analysis, Institutional roles and functions
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India needs innovative strategies to eliminate TB
India's ambitious TB elimination goal by 2025 requires a holistic strategy beyond a single vaccine, integrating early detection, preventive treatment, targeted vaccination (including for EPTB and children), and nutritional support, leveraging indigenous research and pragmatic policy decisions.
See also
No related topics linked yet.
Past papers
2016–2024 · 3 questions
In the news
India needs innovative strategies to eliminate TB
India's ambitious TB elimination goal by 2025 requires a holistic strategy beyond a single vaccine, integrating early detection, preventive treatment, targeted vaccination (including for EPTB and children), and nutritional support, leveraging indigenous research and pragmatic policy decisions.
Try these PYQs
Consider the following statements regarding World Toilet Organization :
1. It is one of the agencies of the United Nations.
2. World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day and World Toilet College are the initiatives of this organization, to inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis.
3. The main focus of its function is to grant funds to the least developed countries and developing countries to achieve the end of open defecation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
* Statement 1 is incorrect. The World Toilet Organization (WTO) is not an agency of the United Nations. It is an international non-profit organization. * Statement 2 is correct. The WTO is known for its initiatives like World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day, and World Toilet College, all aimed at addressing the global sanitation crisis. * Statement 3 is incorrect. While the WTO advocates for improved sanitation and hygiene, its primary function is not to grant funds. It focuses on advocacy, education, and capacity building to achieve its goals. _Therefore, only statement 2 is correct._
Consider the following statements in the context of interventions being undertaken under Anaemia Mukt Bharat Strategy:
1. It provides prophylactic calcium supplementation for pre-school children, adolescents and pregnant women.
2. It runs a campaign for delayed cord clamping at the time of child-birth.
3. It provides for periodic deworming to children and adolescents.
4. It addresses non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
* Statement 1 is incorrect: Prophylactic Iron Folic Acid supplementation (not Prophylactic calcium) given to children, adolescents, women of reproductive age and pregnant women, irrespective of anaemia is a key continued intervention. * Statement 2 is correct: Promotion and monitoring of delayed clamping of the umbilical cord for at least 3 minutes (or until cord pulsations cease) for newborns across all health facilities will be carried out for improving the infants iron reserves up to 6 months after birth. Simultaneously, all birth attendants should make an effort to ensure early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth. * Statement 3 is correct: The Anaemia Mukt Bharat, also integrates deworming of women of reproductive age and for pregnant women as part of the NDD strategy. Bi-annual mass deworming for children in the age groups between 1-19 years is carried out on designated dates 10th February and 10th August every year under National Deworming Day (NDD) programme. * Statement 4 is correct: The Anaemia Mukt Bharat strategy attempts to intensify awareness and integrate screening and treatment for non-nutritional causes of anaemia with special focus on malaria, haemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.
Regarding ‘Atal Pension Yojana’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a minimum guaranteed pension scheme mainly targeted at unorganized sector workers
2. Only one member of a family can join the scheme
3. Some amount of pension is guaranteed for the spouse for life after the subscriber’s death.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Statement 1 is Correct: Atal Pension Yojana is a minimum guaranteed pension scheme primarily targeted at unorganized sector workers in India. It encourages saving for retirement through regular contributions during their working years. Statement 2 is Incorrect: There is no restriction on the number of family members who can join the Atal Pension Yojana scheme. As long as they meet the eligibility criteria (age 18-40 and savings bank account), multiple members within a family can enroll. Statement 3 is Correct: Atal Pension Yojana provides a pension benefit for the spouse after the subscriber's death. The spouse becomes the nominee and receives a pension, though the specific amount might differ depending on the chosen pension plan by the subscriber. Hence, option C is the correct answer.
Which of the following gives the ‘Global Gender Gap Index’ ranking to the countries of the world?
The Global Gender Gap Index is an annual report published by the World Economic Forum (WEF). It benchmarks progress towards gender parity by measuring the gap between women and men across four dimensions:
- Economic Participation and Opportunity
- Educational Attainment
- Health and Survival
- Political Empowerment