UPSC Notes

Tuberculosis Elimination Program in India

PYQs

4

Articles

1

Momentum

13

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

This concept addresses a critical public health issue, national development goals (SDGs), government initiatives, indigenous R&D, policy formulation and implementation, socio-economic impact, and lessons from past public health interventions in India.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continuing to be a significant public health challenge globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India. India aims to eliminate TB by 2025, a goal that necessitates a comprehensive, multi-pronged public health strategy encompassing early detection, preventive therapy, vaccination, and nutritional support.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

India's Burden

Carries one of the world's highest TB burdens.

Elimination Target

Goal to eliminate TB by 2025, ahead of global SDG target of 2030.

Strategic Pillars

Improved diagnostics, preventive therapy, targeted vaccination, and nutritional support.

Key Challenges

Drug-resistant TB, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), and undernutrition impacting vaccine efficacy.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaPublic Health
Conceptual areaDisease Control
Conceptual areaNational Health Programs

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)Conducts/funds research, provides evidence for policy
World Health Organization (WHO)Sets global standards, pre-qualification
SIIPL (Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.)Develops/manufactures vaccines
Cadila (Zydus Cadila)Develops/manufactures vaccines
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Institutional roles and functions

Quick revision

  • India's 2025 TB elimination target is ambitious, requiring a multi-pronged strategy.
  • Key pillars include early detection, preventive therapy, and targeted vaccination.
  • Indigenous vaccine trials (PreVenTB for VPM1002, Immuvac) show promise, especially against EPTB and in children.
  • Nutritional support is crucial for vaccine efficacy, highlighting broader health determinants.
  • Pragmatic policy decisions, similar to Covaxin and rotavirus vaccines, are needed for early deployment of moderately effective tools.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Public HealthDisease ControlNational Health Programs

Related topics

Current topic

Tuberculosis Elimination Program in India

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 4 linked questions on Tuberculosis Elimination Program in India in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Tuberculosis Elimination Program in India

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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