Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC frequently examines environmental issues, ecosystem services, impacts of urbanization, and conservation efforts. Urban wetlands are critical for sustainable urban development, climate resilience, and public health, making their degradation a significant policy and governance concern.
Wetlands, including urban lakes, are vital ecosystems providing critical services like carbon sequestration, biodiversity support, and climate regulation. However, rapid and unplanned urbanization, coupled with encroachment and pollution, is leading to their widespread degradation and disappearance, posing significant environmental and public health challenges.