Claims about sugarcane juice directly mixed with petrol, car engine absorbing water because of ethanol “misleading, unsubstantiated”: Petroleum Ministry

Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, powered by hydrogen?

1. A. Hydrogen peroxide
2. B. Hydronium
3. C. Oxygen
4. D. Water vapour

Consider the following statements about 'PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana':

I. It targets installation of one crore solar rooftop panels in the residential sector.
II. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy aims to impart training on installation, operation, maintenance and repairs of solar rooftop systems at grassroot levels.
III. It aims to create more than three lakhs skilled manpower through fresh skilling, and up-skilling, under scheme component of capacity building.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. A. I and II only
2. B. I and III only
3. C. II and III only
4. D. I, II and III

With reference to green hydrogen, Consider the following statements :

1. It can be used directly as a fuel for internal combustion.
2. It can be blended with natural gas and used as fuel for heat or power generation.
3. It can be used in the hydrogen fuel cell to run vehicles.

How many of the above statements are correct?

1. A. Only one
2. B. Only two
3. C. All three
4. D. None

Consider the following materials:

1. Agricultural residues
2. Corn grain
3. Wastewater treatment sludge
4. Wood mill waste

Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel ?

1. A. 1 and 2 only
2. B. 3 and 4 only
3. C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
4. D. 1, 3 and 4 only

With reference to coal-based thermal power plants in India, consider the following statements :
1. None of them uses seawater.
2. None of them is set up in water-stressed district.
3. None of them is privately owned.

How many of the above statements are correct?

1. A. Only one
2. B. Only two
3. C. All three
4. D. None

Which of the following statements in relation to NIRANTAR (National Institute for Research and Application of Natural Resources to Transform, Adapt and Build Resilience), a platform of institutions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, is/are correct ?

1. Ecosystem Survey and Analysis is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.
2. Research and Management of Ecosystem Service is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi.
3. Capacity Development Support is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal.

Select the answer using the code given below :

1. A. 1, 2 and 3
2. B. 1 and 3 only
3. C. 2 only
4. D. 3 only

With reference to ‘fuel cells’ in which hydrogen-rich fuel and oxygen are used to generate electricity. Consider the following statements:
1. If pure hydrogen is used as a fuel, the fuel cell emits heat and water as by-products.
2. Fuel cells can be used for powering buildings and not for small devices like laptop computers.
3. Fuel cells produce electricity in the form of Alternating Current (AC).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. A. 1 only
2. B. 2 and 3 only
3. C. 1 and 3 only
4. D. 1, 2 and 3

According to India’s National Policy on Biofuels, which of the following can be used as raw materials for the production of biofuels?

1. Cassava
2. Damaged wheat grains
3. Groundnut seeds
4. Horse gram
5. Rotten potatoes
6. Sugar beet

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. A. 1, 2, 5 and 6 only
2. B. 1, 3, 4 and 6 only
3. C. 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
4. D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Which organization has enacted the Nature Restoration Law (NRL) to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss?

1. A. The European Union
2. B. The World Bank
3. C. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
4. D. The Food and Agriculture Organization

Consider the following statements:

Statement I:
Circular economy reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases.

Statement II:
Circular economy reduces the use of raw materials as inputs.

Statement III:
Circular economy reduces wastage in the production process.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. A. Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
2. B. Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
3. C. Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I
4. D. Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct

Examine the evolving pattern of Centre-State financial relations in the context of planned development in India. How far have the recent reforms impacted the fiscal federalism in India?

Discuss the nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Explain the significance of the 101st constitutional amendment act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism.

Account for legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using article 356 by the union government mid-1990s.

The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially. Comment.

While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of State autonomy.” Comment.

Which of the following are mentioned in the article as feedstocks for ethanol production used in fuel blending?

1. A. Sugarcane juice, wheat, and barley
2. B. Molasses, broken rice, and maize
3. C. Sugarcane, jowar, and bajra
4. D. Petroleum derivatives, natural gas, and coal

Regarding the claims about ethanol's hygroscopic nature causing water absorption into fuel tanks and engine issues, the Union Petroleum Ministry clarified that:

1. A. Ethanol does not possess any hygroscopic properties.
2. B. Modern vehicles are equipped with design features and safeguards to prevent water entry into fuel tanks.
3. C. The amount of ethanol blended is too low to cause any significant water absorption.
4. D. Special chemical additives are used to neutralize ethanol's hygroscopic effect in fuel.

According to the Union Petroleum Ministry, the ethanol used for fuel blending is produced through:

1. A. Direct mixing of raw sugarcane juice with petrol.
2. B. Established industrial processes involving fermentation from feedstocks.
3. C. Chemical synthesis from crude oil derivatives.
4. D. Simple distillation of agricultural waste without further processing.

The Union Petroleum Ministry recently refuted 'misleading' and 'unsubstantiated' claims regarding ethanol-blended petrol. In light of this, discuss the challenges posed by misinformation in the implementation of government policies and suggest measures to enhance public trust and scientific communication.

Introduce the context of ethanol blending and the government's clarification. Elaborate on how misinformation can undermine policy objectives and public confidence. Suggest strategies for proactive communication, fact-checking, and building trust in government initiatives.

India's ethanol blending program aims to achieve energy security and environmental benefits. Critically examine the technical and regulatory safeguards highlighted by the Petroleum Ministry for the successful implementation of higher blending levels, and discuss the broader implications of such programs for the Indian economy and environment.

Begin by outlining the objectives of India's ethanol blending program. Detail the technical evaluations, consultations with manufacturers, and quality specifications mentioned in the article as safeguards. Then, analyze the economic benefits (e.g., reduced oil import bill, farmer income) and environmental impacts (e.g., emissions reduction, land use) of such programs.