A ‘victim-centric’ shift in cases of sex trafficking

The article discusses the landmark May 2026 Supreme Court judgment in Prajwala vs. Union of India, which introduces a 'victim-centric' approach to sex trafficking cases. This judgment, delivered by Justices J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan, ensures that sex-trafficked persons are heard, and their needs, including rehabilitation, are recognized as a right, not charity. It clarifies that all women in sex work are considered victims, including those who may appear to choose it voluntarily, acknowledging the complexities of coercion. The judgment, exercising powers under Articles 32 and 142, issues a comprehensive Victim Protection Plan, providing structural guidelines for rescue, rehabilitation, and reintegration, emphasizing dignity, informed consent, and agency. This plan, which acts as law until Parliament legislates, mandates a threshold inquiry by magistrates and clearly defines roles for stakeholders, marking a radical shift in the criminal justice system's handling of adult sex-trafficked women.