What are ‘hanging glaciers’ and why are they a major risk for India?

The article explains 'hanging glaciers,' which are ice masses perched on steep slopes that can detach and cause massive avalanches, posing a significant risk to India, particularly in the Himalayas. Driven by rising temperatures and climate variability, these glaciers are becoming increasingly unstable. A study identified 219 hanging glaciers in the Alaknanda basin of the Garhwal Himalayas, projecting a substantial increase in at-risk infrastructure and population by 2030. Break-offs can trigger secondary hazards like glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The article highlights the need for systematic monitoring, risk-informed land-use planning, and a global transition to carbon-free energy, drawing parallels with recent devastating floods in Nepal and the 2021 Chamoli disaster in India, emphasizing preparedness over reaction.