Which one of the following situations best reflects "Indirect Transfers" often talked about in media recently with reference to India?

An Indian company investing in a foreign enterprise and paying taxes to the foreign country on the profits arising out of its investment

A foreign company investing in India and paying taxes to the country of its base on the profits arising out of its investment

An Indian company purchases tangible assets in a foreign country and sells such assets after their value increases and transfers the proceeds to India

A foreign company transfers shares and such shares derive their substantial value from assets located in India