Indian National Movement & Leadership

* Statement 1 is correct The National Handloom Day is observed annually on 7th August to honour the handloom weavers in the country and also highlight India's handloom industry. The first National Handloom Day was held on 7th August 2015. * Statement 2 is correct August 7 was chosen as the National Handloom Day to commemorate the Swadeshi Movement which was launched on August 7 in 1905 in Calcutta Town Hall to protest against the partition of Bengal by the British Government. The Swadeshi movement had aimed at reviving domestic products and production processes.  Hence Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.

Statement 1 is correct. One of the 12 holy Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva is in Jyotirlinga here in Somnath. Statement 2 is correct. Al Biruni writes that the temple was built of stone and constructed about 100 years before Mahmud’s attack (which would date it to the 10th century) and that it was set in a fortress surrounded by the sea on 3 sides. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Pran Pratishtha (consecration) of the present-day Somnath Temple in 1951 was performed by India's first President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, at the invitation of K.M. Munshi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He remarked that it symbolized a victory of reconstruction over destruction.

The statements given refer to the proposals of the Cripps Mission, which was a mission sent to India in 1942 by the British government during World War II to negotiate with Indian leaders regarding constitutional reforms. Statement 1 is incorrect: The Cripps Mission proposed setting up a Constitution-making body for India after the War, whose members would be elected by the Provincial Assemblies and nominated by the rulers in the case of the Princely States. Statement 2 is correct: One of the proposals of the Cripps Mission was that provinces unwilling to join the proposed Constituent Assembly or accept the new constitution would have the option to negotiate separate agreements with Britain regarding their future status. Therefore, the correct answer is (b) 2 only.

The Ghadar Party was a revolutionary movement organized by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada to end British rule in India. Rash Behari Bose, one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian National Movement, was actively associated with the Ghadar Party. He was one of the masterminds behind the Delhi conspiracy case and participated in the Ghadar movement. However, Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee were not prominently associated with the Ghadar Party. Barindra Kumar Ghosh was an Indian revolutionary and journalist, and one of the founding members of the Jugantar Bengali weekly, a revolutionary outfit in Bengal. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee was also a prominent freedom fighter but his association with the Ghadar Party is not well documented. Therefore, only Rash Behari Bose was actively associated with the Ghadar Party among the options provided.

Statement 1 is incorrect: International Mother Language Day is observed on 21 February every year. It is declared by UNESCO and not UNICEF. Statement 2 is correct: The demand that Bangla has to be one of the national languages was raised in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.

* Option (A) is incorrect: Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour Indian National Flag, but he presented it to Mahatma Gandhi at the INC session in Bezwada (now Vijayawada), not Madanapalle. * Option (B) is incorrect: Pattabhi Sitaramaiah played an important political role in Andhra but did not lead the Quit India Movement of the Andhra region from Madanapalle. * Option (C) is correct: Rabindranath Tagore stayed at Theosophical College, Madanapalle, in 1919. During this visit, he translated *Jana Gana Mana* from Bengali into English as “The Morning Song of India.” This is the historically significant connection between Madanapalle and the National Anthem. * Option (D) is incorrect: The Theosophical Society was founded in New York in 1875 and later moved its headquarters to Adyar, Chennai in 1882. It was not set up in Madanapalle.

* Songs from Prison' is a collection of translations of ancient Indian religious lyrics from Sanskrit into English. These translations were made by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi during his time in Yerwada Prison in 1930. Therefore, the person associated with 'Songs from Prison' is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. It was published in 1934. * Balgangadhar Tilak: He launched Kesari, a Marathi weekly, and Mahratta, an English weekly, to promote nationalist ideas. In 1884, he established the Deccan Education Society to improve education in India. He also initiated the public celebrations of Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav and Shivaji Jayanti to foster national unity and cultural pride. In 1916, Tilak, along with Annie Besant, founded the All India Home Rule League, advocating self-governance for India. * Jawahar Lal Nehru: He became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1929 during the Lahore Session, where he led the passage of the historic Purna Swaraj resolution, demanding complete independence from British rule. In the 1936 Lucknow Session, he urged Congress members to embrace socialism as a guiding principle. The following year, he presided over the Faizpur Session, making it the first INC session to be held in a rural area.

On 8th August 1942, the Quit India Resolution was adopted by the All India Congress Committee (AICC). This was a significant event in the Indian freedom struggle as it marked the launch of the Quit India Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, demanding an end to British Rule in India. The other options are not related to this specific date. - The Viceroy’s Executive council was indeed expanded to include more Indians, but this was part of the August Offer in 1940, not on 8th August 1942. - The Congress ministries did resign in seven provinces, but this happened in 1939, not in 1942. - Lastly, Cripps did propose an Indian Union with full Dominion Status, but this was part of the Cripps Mission, which also did not occur on 8th August 1942. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Quit India Resolution was adopted by the AICC on this date.

Officers of the Indian Army: Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were senior officers of the Indian National Army (INA), which was led by Subhas Chandra Bose. They are remembered for their significant roles in the INA and their court-martial by the British at Red Fort in 1945. Members of the Interim Government: The Interim Government of 1946 was formed on 2nd September 1946, as a transitional government before India's independence. Congress Members - Jawaharlal Nehru – Vice President & External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – Home, Information & Broadcasting
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad – Food & Agriculture
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – Education
- Asaf Ali – Railways & Transport
- C. Rajagopalachari – Industry & Supplies
- Jagjivan Ram – Labour
- John Mathai – Finance
- Sarat Chandra Bose – Works, Mines & Power Muslim League Members - Liaquat Ali Khan – Finance
- I.I. Chundrigar – Commerce
- Abdur Rab Nishtar – Posts & Air
- Ghazanfar Ali Khan – Health
- Jogendra Nath Mandal – Law Members of the Drafting Committee in the Constituent Assembly
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – Chairman (Law expert and key architect of the Indian Constitution)
- N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar - K.M. Munshi
- Mohammad Saadullah
- N. Madhava Rao - T.T. Krishnamachari - Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer

* In 1888, Walangkar began publishing the monthly journal titled Vital-Vidhvansak (Destroyer of Brahmanical or Ceremonial Pollution), which was the first to have the untouchable people as its target audience. * He also wrote articles for Marathi-language newspapers such as Sudharak and Deenbandhu, as well as composed couplets in Marathi that were intended to inspire the people. Having read Hindu religious texts, Walangkar concluded that caste was contrived by the Aryan invaders to control the Anaryans (indigenous people). * In 1889, he published Vital Viduvansan (Annihilation of Ceremonial Pollution), which protested the position of untouchables in society and raised consciousness regarding what those people should expect. * He addressed this pamphlet, which was crafted as a collection of 26 questions, to the elites of Maharashtrian society. * T. N. Valunjkar says that Walangkar "can be regarded as the first intellectual rebel from the Dalit community to have launched a scathing criticism of the caste system and the position of dalits in it."