Physical & Regional Geography

Bandarpunch : Yamuna - This is correct. Bandarpunch is a mountain massif of the Garhwal division of the Himalayas, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is a source of the Yamuna River. Bara Shigri : Chenab - This is also correct. Bara Shigri is the second-longest glacier in the Himalayas and it feeds the Chenab River. Milam : Mandakini - This is incorrect. The Mandakini River originates from the Chorabari Glacier, not the Milam Glacier. Siachen : Nubra - This is correct. The Siachen Glacier, one of the world's longest mountain glaciers, lies in the Karakoram Range system of Kashmir and is the source for the Nubra River. Zemu : Manas - This is incorrect. The Zemu Glacier is in Sikkim and it feeds the Teesta River, not the Manas River. So, the correctly matched pairs are 1, 2, and 4.

* The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and Albania is one of the countries on its coast. * Croatia does not border the Black Sea. The countries bordering the Black Sea are Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. * Kazakhstan is one of the five countries (along with Russia, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan) that border the Caspian Sea. * Morocco is one of the countries that border the Mediterranean Sea. * Syria does not border the Red Sea. The countries bordering the Red Sea are Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti. So, the correctly matched pairs are 1, 3, and 4.

Pair 1 is correct: Pandharpur is a well-known pilgrimage town on the banks of Chandrabhaga River in Solapur district, Maharashtra, India. Pair 2 is correct: Tiruchirapalli is located along the Kaveri River in Tamil Nadu, India. Pair 3 is incorrect: Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India. It is located near the Tungabhadra River. Thus, only 1 and 2 are correct.

The correct ascending order for the percentage of forest cover in the mentioned states 1. Odisha (32.34%)
2. Madhya Pradesh (25.11%)
3. Maharashtra (16.47%)
4. Chhattisgarh (41.09%) Chhattisgarh has the highest forest cover percentage, followed by Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. Hence the correct answer is option 3, i.e 3-2-4-1. (Ascending order)

Dewdrops are formed when the temperature drops to the dew point and the air becomes saturated with water vapour. On a clear night, the Earth's surface loses heat through radiation and can reach a temperature low enough to form dewdrops. However, on a cloudy night, the clouds act like a blanket, reflecting back the Earth's radiation. This keeps the temperature of the air near the ground warmer, preventing it from reaching the dew point and thus, dewdrops are not formed.

The Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Arunachal Pradesh, is part of the Kameng Elephant Reserve and is contiguous with the Pakke Tiger Reserve. It is known for its rich biodiversity and dense forests, making it a critical habitat for various wildlife species. The Bhareli (Pakke) and Bamadi rivers flow through the sanctuary, supporting its diverse ecosystem. Several indigenous tribes, including the Nyishi and Apatani, reside in the region, coexisting with the forest and its resources.

The correct statement is 3 only. Statement 1 is incorrect. Under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act of 2015, state governments conduct auctions for non-coal mine licenses. Statement 2 is incorrect. Both Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand have gold deposits and ongoing mining activities. Statement 3 is correct. Rajasthan is known for its rich iron ore deposits and mining.

The correct statement is 1 only. Statement 1 is correct. Barren Island is the only confirmed active volcano in India and lies in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Statement 2 is incorrect. Great Nicobar is north of Barren Island, not east. The distance is also more than 140 km. Statement 3 is incorrect. Barren Island has erupted multiple times after 1991, including eruptions in 1995, 2005, and 2017.

Delhi and Bengaluru are located almost on the same longitude. - Longitude of Delhi- 77.1025 E - Longitude of Bengaluru- 77.5946 E - Longitude of Hyderabad- 78.4867 E - Longitude of Nagpur- 79.0882 E - Llongitude of Pune- 73.8567 E

Statement 1 is correct. The Earth's magnetic field does reverse polarity every few hundred thousand years, on average. Statement 2 is incorrect. The early Earth's atmosphere did not have significant oxygen and likely had a lot of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Statement 3 is correct. The rise of photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria significantly increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere over time. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) 1 and 3 only.