Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
Understanding major international space programs like Chang'e is crucial for UPSC as it reflects global advancements in space technology, geopolitical competition/cooperation in space, and the potential for resource utilization on celestial bodies. India's own lunar missions (Chandrayaan) make comparative analysis and awareness of global efforts highly relevant.
China's Chang'e program is an ambitious series of robotic lunar missions designed to explore the Moon, including its surface, resources, and potential for human habitation. Named after the Chinese moon goddess, the program aims to advance China's capabilities in deep space exploration and scientific research, often achieving world-first milestones.