UPSC Notes

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

CITES is a cornerstone international treaty for biodiversity conservation, directly impacting India's wildlife protection efforts and international commitments. Understanding its mechanisms, India's role, and its harmonization with domestic laws (like WLPA) is crucial for environmental governance and international relations.

CITES is an international agreement between governments, aiming to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. It establishes a global regulatory framework for controlling and monitoring the cross-border movement of listed species.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Entry into Force

1975 (India became a party in 1976)

Mechanism

A licensing system with three appendices (I, II, III) determining protection levels for species.

Appendix I

Lists species threatened with extinction; trade generally prohibited for commercial purposes.

Appendix II

Lists species not necessarily threatened but trade must be controlled to avoid over-exploitation.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaBiodiversity Conservation & Protected Areas
Conceptual areaEnvironmental Law & Policy

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)Implements cites provisions as the management authority in india
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Statement-based questions

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Quick revision

  • International treaty regulating cross-border wildlife trade.
  • Aims for legal, sustainable, traceable trade.
  • Uses three appendices (I, II, III) for species protection.
  • India joined in 1976; WLPA 1972 amended to align with CITES.
  • Management Authority in India: MoEFCC.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Biodiversity Conservation & Protected AreasEnvironmental Law & Policy

Orangutans in Odisha: What law says on trade, repatriation of animals

16 Sep 2026 · CITES regulates international wildlife trade to prevent species extinction, using a permit system and appendices for varying protection levels. India is a signatory and has aligned its domestic laws with CITES provisions.

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Current topic

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

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UPSC Prelims PYQs on Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

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