UPSC Notes

Extreme Weather Events: Heatwaves and Wildfires

PYQs

3

Articles

1

Momentum

11

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

These events pose significant challenges to public health, disaster management, infrastructure, agriculture, and environmental conservation, requiring robust policy responses and adaptation strategies.

Extreme weather events like heatwaves and wildfires are increasingly frequent and intense globally, driven by climate change. Heatwaves involve prolonged periods of abnormally high temperatures, while wildfires are uncontrolled fires that burn in wildland areas, often exacerbated by dry conditions and high winds.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Heat domes

A ridge of high pressure trapping heat near the ground, leading to prolonged heatwaves.

Health risks

Dangerous overnight lows prevent body recovery, increasing heat-related illnesses and mortality.

Wildfire exacerbation

Heatwaves and drought significantly heighten wildfire risks, leading to larger and more destructive fires.

Red Flag Warning

Issued by weather services to alert land management agencies and the public to critical fire weather conditions.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaClimate Change & Conventions
Conceptual areaEnvironmental Law & Policy
Conceptual areaPhysical & Regional Geography
Conceptual areaWelfare Schemes & Social Policies

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
National Weather ServiceForecasts and issues warnings
U.S. Forest ServiceAssesses wildfire risk
State Governments (e.g., Washington)Declares emergencies and implements bans
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Conceptual understanding

Quick revision

  • Heatwaves: prolonged high temperatures, often due to heat domes.
  • Health risks: dehydration, heatstroke, lack of overnight recovery.
  • Wildfires: exacerbated by heat, drought, high winds.
  • Climate change: primary driver of increased frequency and intensity.
  • Policy response: emergency declarations, burning bans, cooling centers.

Topic timeline

Climate Change & ConventionsEnvironmental Law & PolicyPhysical & Regional GeographyWelfare Schemes & Social Policies

Related topics

Current topic

Extreme Weather Events: Heatwaves and Wildfires

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 3 linked questions on Extreme Weather Events: Heatwaves and Wildfires in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Extreme Weather Events: Heatwaves and Wildfires

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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