Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
Understanding El Niño is crucial for predicting its impact on India's agricultural productivity, food security, water resource management, and overall economic stability. It is a key factor in climate change studies, disaster preparedness, and formulating agricultural policies.
El Niño is a complex weather pattern resulting from variations in ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, specifically a warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. It is part of the broader El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which has global teleconnections, significantly influencing weather patterns worldwide, including the Indian monsoons.