Is India getting hotter?

Statement-I is incorrect: The temperature contrast between land and ocean is actually greater in winter, not in summer. In winter, land loses heat quickly and becomes much colder, while the ocean retains heat and stays relatively warm → large contrast.
In summer, both land and ocean warm up, but the difference is less pronounced compared to winter → smaller contrast. Statement-II is correct: Water has a higher specific heat capacity than land. It heats up and cools down more slowly, which explains why oceans have a moderating influence on temperature.

* Dhuandhar: This waterfall is located on the Narmada River, but the region is not Malwa. It is in Madhya Pradesh Mahakoshal region. Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched. * Hundru: This waterfall is indeed located on the Subarnarekha River within the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched. * Gersoppa (also known as Jog Falls): This waterfall is on the Sharavati River in the Western Ghats, not the Netravati River. Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched.

Statement 1 is incorrect. OMT is measured up to the depth of the 26°C isotherm, but the 129-meter depth mentioned in the southwestern Indian Ocean during January-March is incorrect. The depth of the 26°C isotherm can vary depending on the region and season. Statement 2 is correct. OMT collected during January-March helps in predicting the amount of rainfall during the monsoon. It is used to assess whether rainfall will be more or less than the long-term average, as variations in OMT influence monsoon behaviour. Hence, option B is the correct answer.

This question checks knowledge of countries known for major natural resources that play key roles in global markets. ✅ I. Botswana : Diamond – Correct
* Botswana is a top global producer of diamonds, vital to its economy. ✅ II. Chile : Lithium – Correct
* Chile has vast lithium reserves in the Atacama Desert and is a leading global supplier. ✅ III. Indonesia : Nickel – Correct
* Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of nickel, crucial for batteries and steel.

Earth’s rotation and axis can shift due to changes in how mass is distributed across the planet, such as melting polar ice. ✅Statement I is correct: * Studies show that Earth’s rotation and axis are shifting slightly due to internal mass redistribution. ✅ Statement II is correct: * But it doesn’t explain the shift — solar flares affect only the upper atmosphere, not Earth’s rotation. ✅ Statement III is correct: * It explains the shift — melting polar ice moves water toward the equator, altering Earth’s mass distribution and spin.

The climate described by these characteristics is most likely a Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb) according to the Köppen climate classification system. Annual and daily range of temperatures is low: Marine west coast climates are known for their mild temperatures year-round. The influence of the nearby ocean moderates both summer highs and winter lows, resulting in a smaller range of temperatures compared to continental climates at similar latitudes. Precipitation occurs throughout the year: These regions experience frequent precipitation due to prevailing westerly winds carrying moist air from the ocean. The cyclones associated with these winds bring rain or snowfall throughout the year. Precipitation varies between 50 cm and 250 cm: The amount of precipitation in marine west coast climates can vary depending on factors like latitude, topography, and proximity to the ocean. The range of 50 cm to 250 cm falls within the typical range observed in these regions.

* Statement 1: Correct. The Red Sea is located in a desert region with very high temperatures and low humidity. This leads to very little rainfall or any form of precipitation. * Statement 2: Correct. Due to its location, no major rivers are flowing into the Red Sea. The water in the Red Sea comes primarily from the inflow of saltier water from the Gulf of Aden through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Hence, both statements (1 and 2) are correct.

The seasonal reversal of winds is the typical characteristic of a monsoon climate. Monsoons are seasonal winds that bring predictable patterns of rainfall. In summer, warm, moist air blows inland from the ocean, bringing heavy rainfall. In winter, the winds blow offshore, bringing dry conditions. This seasonal reversal of winds is what defines a monsoon climate.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The IOD phenomenon is characterised by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical Western Indian Ocean and the tropical Eastern Indian Ocean, not the Eastern Pacific Ocean. During a positive IOD, the western Indian Ocean is warmer than the eastern Indian Ocean, and vice versa for a negative IOD. Statement 2 is Correct: The IOD phenomenon can indeed influence El Nio's impact on the Indian monsoon. El Nio itself is a climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean, but it can interact with the IOD. Depending on the phases of both phenomena (positive/negative IOD and El Nino/La Nina), the overall impact on the Indian monsoon rainfall can be amplified or weakened. Hence, option B is the correct answer.

Statement 1 is correct. The trade winds in the tropical zone blow from east to west, causing the western sections of the oceans to be warmer than the eastern sections. This is because these winds push the warm surface waters towards the west. Statement 2 is correct. On the other hand, in the temperate zone, the westerlies blow from west to east. These winds push the warm waters towards the eastern sections of the oceans, making them warmer than the western sections. Therefore, both statements are correct.