Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
This concept is crucial for understanding the practical application of Indian federalism, especially in critical areas like internal security. It illustrates how constitutional division of powers is navigated through cooperative mechanisms to address national challenges, relevant for UPSC GS-II.
The Indian Constitution, through its Seventh Schedule, places 'Police' and 'Public Order' primarily under the State List, making them responsibilities of State Governments. However, addressing complex internal security threats like Left Wing Extremism necessitates a robust framework of cooperative federalism, where the Union Government supplements and coordinates efforts with the states.