UPSC Notes

Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) Programme

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

The ILR Programme addresses critical issues of water security, regional development, inter-state water disputes, environmental impact assessment, and the balance between development and ecological concerns. It's a long-standing, ambitious national project with significant implications for India's future.

The Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) Programme is a large-scale national initiative in India aimed at transferring water from water-surplus river basins to water-deficit basins to address regional imbalances in water availability, enhance irrigation, and generate hydropower. It is envisioned to improve water security and mitigate floods and droughts across the country.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Primary Objective

Transfer water from surplus to deficit river basins.

Components

Himalayan Rivers Development and Peninsular Rivers Development.

Nodal Agency

National Water Development Agency (NWDA) for studies and DPRs.

First Project

Ken-Betwa Link Project is the first major project under this plan.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaWater Resources Management

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
National Water Development Agency (NWDA)Nodal agency for studies and dprs
Ministry of Jal ShaktiOverall policy and implementation oversight
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Quick revision

  • National initiative to connect surplus and deficit river basins.
  • Aims: water security, irrigation, hydropower, flood/drought mitigation.
  • Nodal agency: National Water Development Agency (NWDA).
  • Ken-Betwa Link Project is the first major project.
  • Involves significant environmental and social considerations.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Water Resources Management

Visit families affected by Ken-Betwa project, hear their grievances: M.P. CM tells officials

23 Aug 2026 · India's ambitious ILR program, guided by the NPP, seeks to connect rivers to redistribute water, boost irrigation, and generate power, with the Ken-Betwa project being its first major implementation, involving significant environmental and social considerations.

Read article

Related topics

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) Programme in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) Programme

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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