UPSC Notes

International Space Station (ISS)

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

The ISS represents a pinnacle of international cooperation in science and technology, showcasing advancements in human spaceflight and orbital infrastructure. It is relevant for understanding global scientific collaboration, the challenges of long-duration space missions, and the technological capabilities required for future space exploration, including India's own space ambitions.

The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular space station in low Earth orbit, a collaborative project involving multiple space agencies. It serves as a microgravity research laboratory where scientific experiments are conducted in various fields, and also tests spacecraft systems and equipment required for future long-duration missions.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Nature

Multinational orbital research laboratory

Primary Purpose

Microgravity research, testing future space mission technologies

Power Source

Large solar arrays (e.g., IROSA)

Maintenance

Regular upgrades and repairs often conducted via spacewalks

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaSpace Science & Exploration

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
NASAOperates and manages
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Multinational orbital research laboratory.
  • Key for microgravity experiments and future space mission tech.
  • Powered by solar arrays, maintained via spacewalks.
  • NASA is a primary operating agency.
  • Planned for future deorbit.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Space Science & Exploration

NASA astronauts Anil Menon, Jessica Meir undertake spacewalk to upgrade space station

07 Aug 2026 · The ISS is a multinational orbital research facility, crucial for microgravity experiments and testing future space mission technologies, powered by solar arrays and maintained through spacewalks, with a planned future deorbit.

Read article

Related topics

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on International Space Station (ISS) in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on International Space Station (ISS)

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

Consider the following space missions: I. Axiom-4 II. SpaDeX III. Gaganyaan How many of the space missions given above encourage and support micro-gravity ...

2025·Science & Technology
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Which of the following statements about Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Critical Minerals is/are correct ? 1. Modern technological innovations including Arti...

2026·Geography
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Which of the following pair is/are correctly matched? |Spacecraft|Purpose| |-- |--| |1. Cassini-Huygens | Orbiting Venus and transmitting data to the Earth| ...

2014·Science & Technology
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With reference to ‘Astrosat’, the astronomical observatory launched by India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Other than the USA and Rus...

2016·Science & Technology
Solve

Consider the following statements with regard to involvement of private entities in India's space programme : 1. The Indian National Space Promotion and Aut...

2026·Science & Technology
Solve

Consider the following statements regarding: The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO 1. is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission 2. made India the second country to ...

2016·Science & Technology
Solve

If a major solar storm (solar-flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth? 1. GPS and navigation systems could fai...

2022·Science & Technology
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Consider the following phenomena : 1. Light is affected by gravity. 2. The Universe is constantly expanding. 3. Matter warps its surrounding space-time. ...

2018·Science & Technology
Solve

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