Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC frequently examines the delicate balance between individual liberties (like the right to protest) and the state's responsibility to maintain public order, especially in the context of contemporary social and political movements. It also tests the role of the judiciary in interpreting and upholding these constitutional principles.
The Indian Constitution guarantees the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression (Article 19(1)(a)) and the right to assemble peacefully and without arms (Article 19(1)(b)). However, these rights are not absolute and are subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order, morality, and the sovereignty and integrity of India.