El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Climate
El Niño, a warming of the Pacific, is strongly correlated with deficient Indian monsoons, posing a significant threat to agriculture and water security, nece...
The article discusses the delayed onset of the southwest monsoon in Kerala and the India Meteorological Department's pessimistic forecast of a deficient year, largely due to the near-certain El Niño. It highlights the critical implications for Indian agriculture, especially rain-fed farmland, which is already facing an input crisis (energy, fertilizer) exacerbated by geopolitical events. The author emphasizes the importance of rainfall distribution over onset date and calls for urgent government preparedness, involving ministries like Agriculture, Jal Shakti, and Consumer Affairs, to implement measures such as farmer advisories for short-duration crops, disciplined water management, and readying crop insurance and relief provisioning.
Durable syllabus ideas for revision — not article memory.
El Niño, a warming of the Pacific, is strongly correlated with deficient Indian monsoons, posing a significant threat to agriculture and water security, nece...
The southwest monsoon is vital for India's agriculture, but a forecast deficient year, exacerbated by an input crisis and El Niño, poses significant challeng...
Previous year Prelims questions on overlapping themes and topics.
With reference to ‘Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana’, consider the following statements:
1. Under this scheme, farmers will have to pay a uniform premium of two per cent for any crop they cultivate in any season of the year.
2. This scheme covers post-harvest losses arising out of cyclones and unseasonal rains.
Which of the statements given about is/are correct?
The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is a government-sponsored crop insurance scheme. Statement 1 is Incorrect: Under this scheme, farmers have to pay a uniform premium of 2% for all Kharif crops, 1.5% for all Rabi crops, and 5% for commercial/horticultural crops. The premium rate is not uniform for all crops in all seasons. Statement 2 is Correct: The scheme does cover post-harvest losses arising out of cyclones and unseasonal rains. Hence, option B is the correct answer.
Which one of the following is the correct description of "100 Million Farmers"?
100 Million Farmers: The 100 Million Farmers initiative, launched by The World Economic Forum (WEF), seeks to drive a global movement focused on accelerating the adoption of regenerative agriculture and climate adaptation practices at the farm level. This initiative aims to transition towards sustainable food and water systems. It focuses on achieving net-zero carbon emissions, enhancing nature positivity, and improving farmers' resilience to climate change and market fluctuations. _Let's look at why the other options are incorrect:_ * Option B: This describes organizations promoting organic animal husbandry, not the '100 Million Farmers' initiative. * Option C: This refers to a blockchain-based platform for fertilizer trading, which is not the core focus of '100 Million Farmers.' * Option D: While farmer collectives are important, '100 Million Farmers has a broader scope encompassing sustainable practices and climate resilience.
Consider the following:
1. Areca nut
2. Barley
3. Coffee
4. Finger millet
5. Groundnut
6. Sesamum
7. Turmeric
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affair, has announced the Minimum Support Price for which of the above?
* The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) announces the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for certain staple crops and some key commercial crops. * Barley, Finger millet, Groundnut, and Sesamum are crops for which MSP is typically announced by the government. These are important food or oilseed crops and support farmer income. * Areca nut and Coffee are considered cash crops and MSP is generally not announced for them. * Turmeric can be classified as a spice crop, and MSP announcements for spices is not very common, Therefore, the most options for which CCEA announces MSP are 2, 4, 5 and 6.
Consider the following statements :
Statement-I : According to the United Nation's 'World Water Development Report, 2022', India extracts more than a quarter of the world's groundwater withdrawal each year.
Statement-II :India needs to extract more than a quarter of the world's groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world's population living in its territory.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
* Statement 1 is correct. According to the United Nations World Water Development Report 2022, with an estimated 251 km3 annual withdrawal from an estimated 20 million wells and tube wells, India is the world's greatest groundwater user. This accounts for more than a quarter of the total groundwater extracted internationally. * Statement 2 is incorrect. India uses about 89% of this groundwater for irrigation. Major share of total groundwater extracted by India is utilised for irrigation purposes and not for drinking and sanitation purposes.
Consider the following statements about turmeric during the year 2022–23:
I. India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
II. More than 30 varieties of turmeric are grown in India.
III. Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are major turmeric producing States in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
✅ Statement I: Correct
India produces about 80% of the world’s turmeric and exports around 65% globally. ✅ Statement II: Correct
India grows over 30 turmeric varieties like Alleppey Finger, Erode, Sangli, Salem, Nizamabad, and Rajapore. ✅ Statement III: Correct
Major producing states include Telangana (largest), Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. Correct Answer: (D) All statements are correct.
With reference to the history of India, the terms “kulyavapa” and “dronavapa” denote
* The terms "kulyavapa" and "dronavapa" denote measurements of land used in ancient India. * Kulyavapa: This refers to the area of land required to sow one "kula" of grain. The exact amount of land a kula represented could vary depending on the region and type of grain. * Dronavapa: This signified the area required to sow one "drona" of grain. Similar to kula, the size of a drona could also vary based on location and grain type.
Consider the following statements
1. The quantity of imported edible oils is more than the domestic production of edible oils in the last five years.
2. The Government does not impose any customs duty on all the imported edible oils as a special case.
Which of the two statements given above is/are correct
Statement 1 is correct. Domestic production of edible oil in 2018 was around 100 Lakh Metric tons (LMT) while import was around 150 LMT. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Government of India does impose customs duties on imported edible oils. The rates of these duties may vary depending on various factors, including the type of edible oil, international market conditions, and government policies aimed at promoting domestic production or protecting domestic producers.
Consider the following statements:
1. The Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme was launched during 1996-97 to provide loan assistance to poor farmers.
2. The Command Area Development Programme was launched in 1974-75 for the development of water-use efficiency.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) was indeed launched during 1996-97, but its objective was to provide central assistance to states to accelerate the pace of irrigation development, not specifically to provide loan assistance to poor farmers. Statement 2 is correct: The Command Area Development Programme (CADP) was launched in 1974-75, its primary focus was on improving the water-use efficiency and agricultural productivity in the command areas of major and medium irrigation projects.
Consider the following statements:
1. In the case of all cereals, pulses and oil-seeds, the procurement at Minimum Support Price (MSP) is unlimited in any State/UT of India.
2. In the case of cereals and pulses, the MSP is fixed in any State/UT at a level to which the market price will never rise.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is incorrect: Procurement at MSP is not "unlimited." While the government provides an open-ended procurement policy for certain cereals (like rice and wheat) in specific states, for most pulses and oilseeds, procurement is capped by targets, storage capacity, and the Price Support Scheme (PSS) guidelines. Statement 2 is incorrect: MSP is designed as a safety net (floor price), not a price ceiling. It does not prevent market prices from rising higher due to demand. Note on MSP Calculation: As per the Union Budget 2018-19, the Government of India follows the principle of fixing MSP at a level of at least 1.5 times the all-India weighted average cost of production (A2+FL). This formula is recommended by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) to ensure a minimum 50% return over the cost of production for farmers.
Consider the following statements:
Statement I:
Of the two major ethanol producers in the world, i.e., Brazil and the United States of America, the former produces more ethanol than the latter.
Statement II:
Unlike in the United States of America where corn is the principal feedstock for ethanol production, sugarcane is the principal feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Ethanol is a biofuel produced mainly by fermenting sugars found in crops like corn and sugarcane, with the USA and Brazil being the top global producers—each using a different primary feedstock. ❌ Statement I: Incorrect
* The United States is the largest ethanol producer, not Brazil. ✅ Statement II: Correct
* USA uses corn; Brazil uses sugarcane as the primary feedstock for ethanol.
Previous year Mains questions mapped to overlapping GS syllabus topics.
Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and of rehabilitation? Give your opinion.
Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people’s needs in a country like India – Comment.
How do you account for the growing fast food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience.
Examine the factors responsible for depleting groundwater in India. What are the steps taken by the government to mitigate such depletion of groundwater?
Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.
The ethos of civil service in India stand for the combination of professionalism with nationalistic consciousness – Elucidate.