Health data must drive action, not just headlines

Which of the following statements with regard to the persons with disabilities in India is/are correct ?

1. The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, an Act passed by the Parliament of India in 2018, mandates reservation in education and employment, places a legal duty on Governments to ensure accessibility and non-discrimination.
2. The Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan focuses on achieving universal accessibility for Persons with Disabilities across three key domains — built infrastructure, transport systems and information and communication technology.
3. The National Divyangjan Finance and Development Corporation (NDFDC) is a public sector organisation set up by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs as a not-for-profit company to promote entrepreneurship among Persons with Disabilities (PwDs).

Select the answer using the code given below :

1. A. 1 and 2
2. B. 2 only
3. C. 1 and 3
4. D. 1 only

Consider the following statements :
Statement-I :India's public sector health care system largely focuses on curative care with limited preventive, promotive and rehabilitative care.
Statement-II: Under India's decentralized approach to health care delivery, the States are primarily responsible for organizing health services.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
2. B. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
3. C. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. D. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana:
1. It is safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments.
2. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women.
3. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women.
4. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. A. Only one
2. B. Only two
3. C. Only three
4. D. All four

Which of the following are the objectives of ‘National Nutrition Mission’?

1. To create awareness relating to malnutrition among pregnant women and lactating mothers.
2. To reduce the incidence of anaemia among young children, adolescent girls and women.
3. To promote the consumption of millets, coarse cereals and unpolished rice.
4. To promote the consumption of poultry eggs.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. A. 1 and 2 only
2. B. 1, 2 and 3 only
3. C. 1, 2 and 4 only
4. D. 3 and 4 only

Consider the following statements:

1. The India Sanitation Coalition is a platform to promote sustainable sanitation and is funded by the Government of India and the World Health Organization.
2. The National Institute of Urban Affairs is an apex body of the Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs in Government
of India and provides innovative solutions to address the challenges of Urban India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. A. 1 only
2. B. 2 only
3. C. Both 1 and 2
4. D. Neither 1 nor 2

‘Mission Indradhanush’ launched by the Government of India pertains to -

1. A. Immunization of children and pregnant women
2. B. Construction of smart cities across the country
3. C. India’ own search for Earth-like planets in outer space
4. D. New Educational policy

With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) Yojana, consider the following statements:

1. The entry age group for enrolment in the scheme is 21 to 40 years.
2. Age specific contribution shall be made by the beneficiary.
3. Each subscriber under the scheme shall receive a minimum pension of ₹ 3,000 per month after attaining the age of 60 years.
4. Family pension is applicable to the spouse and unmarried daughters.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. A. 1,3 and 4
2. B. 2 and 3 only
3. C. 2 only
4. D. 1, 2 and 4

With reference to the 'Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan', consider the following statements:

1. This scheme guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy and six months post-delivery health care service in any government health facility.
2. Under this scheme, private sector health care providers of certain specialities can volunteer to provide services at nearby government health facilities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. A. 1 only
2. B. 2 only
3. C. Both 1 and 2
4. D. Neither 1 nor 2

Which of the following is/are the aim/aims of "Digital India" Plan of the Government of India?
1. Formation of India's own Internet companies like China did.
2. Establish a policy framework to encourage overseas multinational corporations that collect Big Data to build their large data centres within our national geographical boundaries.
3. Connect many of our villages to the Internet and bring Wi-Fi to many of our school, public places and major tourist centres

Select the correct answer using the code given below

1. A. 1 and 2 only
2. B. 3 only
3. C. 2 and 3 only
4. D. 1, 2 and 3

Who among the following can join the National Pension System (NPS)?

1. A. Resident Indian citizens only
2. B. Persons of age from 21 to 55 only
3. C. All State Government employees joining the services after the date of notification by the respective State Governments
4. D. All Central Government employees including those of Armed Forces joining the services on or after 1st April 2004

Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and of rehabilitation? Give your opinion.

Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people’s needs in a country like India – Comment.

How do you account for the growing fast food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience.

The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain.

Trace India’s consolidation process during early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

According to the article, what is the primary criticism leveled against the current approach to utilizing health survey data in India?

1. A. The data collection methodologies are inherently flawed, leading to inaccurate results.
2. B. The data is primarily used for political rhetoric and commercial exploitation rather than driving timely policy action.
3. C. The surveys are too infrequent to capture dynamic health trends effectively.
4. D. International organizations unduly influence the design and interpretation of national health surveys.

A significant consequence of the delayed release of raw health survey data and subsequent academic analysis in India, as highlighted in the article, is that:

1. A. It leads to an over-reliance on qualitative research methods by policymakers.
2. B. Policymakers can dismiss critical findings as outdated, thereby losing the opportunity for timely policy action.
3. C. It encourages the public to lose trust in government health initiatives.
4. D. It primarily benefits private healthcare providers by giving them exclusive access to preliminary findings.

The article suggests that for health data to effectively improve health outcomes, India needs to cultivate a 'discipline' of translating data into action. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of this discipline as described in the article?

1. A. Generating rapid policy briefs and identifying lagging regions.
2. B. Waiting for perfect academic papers and definitive solutions before acting.
3. C. Conducting regular reviews and comparing performance across regions.
4. D. Allocating resources efficiently and adapting programmes as needed.

India collects vast amounts of health data through surveys like NFHS-6, yet the article highlights an 'unsettling paradox' in its utilization. Critically analyze the challenges India faces in translating health survey data into effective public health policy and suggest measures to overcome these issues.

Introduce the paradox of abundant data but limited action. Detail challenges like delayed analysis, political use, commercial exploitation, and lack of critical reflection. Propose solutions for timely, integrated, and action-oriented data use, emphasizing robust systems and accountability.

The article states that health survey findings often highlight what is already known but rarely lead to immediate programmatic action. In light of this, examine the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders (government, academia, media, and private sector) in ensuring that health data effectively drives public health outcomes and promotes accountability.

Outline the current (often problematic) roles of each stakeholder as described in the article. Discuss their ideal roles in fostering data-driven action and suggest mechanisms for improved collaboration, transparency, and accountability in public health policy.