A unified policy architecture for India’s energy future

The article discusses India's significant progress in energy transformation and outlines the need for a unified national energy framework to achieve energy self-reliance by 2047 and net-zero emissions by 2070. Based on a policy brief by the Indian National Science Academy (INSA), the proposed framework is built on four pillars: adequacy, access, affordability, and appropriate sustainability. It advocates for an integrated approach to planning and governance, leveraging diverse energy resources, technologies, and institutions, including renewable energy, circular economy practices, and carbon capture technologies, to create a resilient and sustainable energy system.