Losing forest for trees: On the CAG’s audit of the Green India Mission

A performance audit by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) revealed that the Green India Mission (GIM), conceived to improve India's forest quality and expand forest cover, has largely failed to meet its targets over a decade. The mission achieved less than a tenth of its forest quality target and only four percent of its forest cover expansion goal. Intended convergence with schemes like CAMPA and MGNREGS did not materialize. GIM, a pillar of the National Action Plan on Climate Change and crucial for India's Paris Agreement carbon sink commitments, appears to be replaced by a tree plantation drive 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam'. The audit highlights a critical distinction between planting trees and true forest restoration, as evidenced by the India State of Forest Report 2023, which shows a gain in 'tree cover outside recorded forests' but thinning dense canopy within recorded forests. The article uses the example of the Aravallis to illustrate that mere tree planting cannot undo complex ecological damage.