Background
Overview
Affirmative action is a cornerstone of India's social justice framework, directly impacting equality, inclusive development, and the constitutional ideals of a welfare state. UPSC frequently tests understanding of its rationale, implementation challenges, and constitutional basis, as well as its role in addressing socio-economic disparities.
Affirmative action policies are measures designed to address historical and systemic discrimination against certain groups, aiming to promote equal opportunity and representation, particularly in areas like education and employment. In India, these policies often take the form of reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes, alongside other targeted measures to foster inclusivity.