UPSC Notes

War on Terror

PYQs

3

Articles

1

Momentum

11

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

Understanding the War on Terror is crucial for analyzing the evolution of international security, the role of superpowers, the rise and impact of non-state actors, the challenges of asymmetric warfare, and the complex interplay between national security, human rights, and international law. Its long-term consequences continue to shape global geopolitics and impact India's strategic interests.

The 'War on Terror' refers to the global military, political, and ideological campaign launched by the United States and its allies after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, primarily aimed at combating international terrorism, particularly al-Qaeda and later ISIS. It marked a significant shift in global security paradigms and international relations.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Initiation

Launched by President George W. Bush in response to the 9/11 attacks.

Key Interventions

Led to major military interventions in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom).

Global Impact

Expanded global counter-terrorism efforts, intelligence sharing, and surveillance programs worldwide.

Consequences

Contributed to prolonged instability, humanitarian crises, and the rise of new extremist groups in regions like the Middle East and South Asia.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaInternational Relations

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
United States Department of DefenseImplements
United Nations Security CouncilLegitimizes
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Launched post-9/11 by US against global terrorism.
  • Key interventions: Afghanistan (2001), Iraq (2003).
  • Shifted global security focus to counter-terrorism.
  • Criticized for human rights abuses and destabilizing regions.
  • Led to rise of new extremist groups and prolonged conflicts.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

International Relations

Related topics

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 3 linked questions on War on Terror in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.

UPSC Prelims PYQs on War on Terror

Practice official previous year questions asked by UPSC related to this concept.

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