International Relations 12 Marks

Evaluate the economic and strategic
dimensions of India’s Look East Policy
in the context of the post-Cold War
international scenario.

Directive: Evaluate 12 marks
Introduction

India's Look East Policy (LEP), initiated in 1991, marked a strategic reorientation post-Cold War. Amidst economic liberalization, it aimed to deepen engagement with Southeast and East Asia, moving beyond traditional non-alignment.

Economic Dimensions of Look East Policy

Economically, LEP focused on enhancing trade, investment, and connectivity. Projects like the Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport and Trilateral Highway aimed to integrate India with ASEAN economies, secure energy resources, and access new markets, fostering mutual growth.

Strategic Dimensions of Look East Policy

Strategically, LEP sought to balance China's growing influence, enhance maritime security, and promote regional stability. India deepened engagement with ASEAN, participated in the East Asia Summit, and fostered security dialogues, asserting its role as a regional power.

Overall Evaluation and Impact

LEP successfully diversified India's economic partners and enhanced its regional influence. Evolving into the more proactive Act East Policy, it solidified India's presence, though challenges in project implementation persist. Overall, LEP transformed India's engagement, contributing significantly to its rise.

143 words · target ~150

The directive 'evaluate' requires an assessment of the worth, significance, or success of India's Look East Policy by weighing its economic and strategic dimensions in the given context.

Suggested structure

  • Introduction: Defining Look East Policy and its post-Cold War context

  • Economic Dimensions of Look East Policy

  • Strategic Dimensions of Look East Policy

  • Evolution and Challenges of the Policy (Transition to Act East)

  • Overall Evaluation and Impact

  • Conclusion

Key points

  • Post-Cold War context: India's economic liberalization and search for new partners, shift from non-alignment.

  • Economic dimensions: Focus on trade, investment, connectivity (e.g., Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport Project, Trilateral Highway), energy security, and market access in Southeast and East Asia.

  • Strategic dimensions: Counter-balancing China's growing influence, enhancing maritime security, promoting regional stability, engagement with ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and security dialogues.

  • Evolution to Act East Policy: A more proactive, comprehensive, and action-oriented approach with greater emphasis on connectivity, commerce, and culture.

  • Evaluation of success: Diversified economic partners, enhanced regional influence, improved security cooperation, but also challenges in project implementation and fully realizing potential.

  • Significance: Transformed India's engagement with its eastern neighborhood, contributing to its rise as a regional power.

Common mistakes

  • Failing to address both economic and strategic dimensions adequately.

  • Not explicitly linking the policy to the 'post-Cold War international scenario'.

  • Describing the policy without offering a critical evaluation of its successes and shortcomings.

  • Confusing Look East Policy with its successor, Act East Policy, or not showing the evolution.

Difficulty: Medium — The question requires a multi-dimensional analysis (economic and strategic) within a specific historical context (post-Cold War) and demands an evaluative judgment, not just a descriptive account. It also implicitly requires knowledge of the policy's evolution.