Emerging Information Technologies

✅ Statement I: Correct
*India co-chaired the AI Action Summit in Paris (Feb 2025), continuing efforts from the Bletchley Park (UK, 2023) and Seoul (South Korea, 2024) Summits on AI governance.* ❌ Statement II: Incorrect
*The joint statement on ‘Inclusive and Sustainable AI’ was signed by 58 countries including India and China, but the US and UK did not sign due to concerns about overregulation.* Correct Answer: Only Statement I is correct.

❌ Statement I: Incorrect
The National Rail Plan targets 2030 for a future-ready railway, not 2028. ❌ Statement II: Incorrect
Kavach is an indigenous Automatic Train Protection system developed under 'Make in India', not with Germany. ✅ Statement III: Correct
Kavach uses RFID tags on tracks in station sections to track train location and speed continuously. Therefore, Statements I and II are incorrect, and Statement III is correct.

✅ Statement I: Correct
*GAGAN is an Indian SBAS developed by ISRO and AAI to enhance GPS accuracy and integrity, crucial for aviation safety.* ✅ Statement II: Correct
*It improves GPS reliability and accuracy, enabling better air traffic management and safer, efficient navigation.* ❌ Statement III: Incorrect
*GAGAN’s benefits extend beyond aviation to railways, roadways, maritime, agriculture, and disaster management.* Correct Answer: Only Statements I and II are correct.

✅ Statement I: Correct
Rare earth elements like europium, terbium, and yttrium are essential in flat TV screens and monitors due to their role in producing vibrant colors and enhancing display quality. ✅ Statement II: Correct
These elements exhibit phosphorescence—absorbing energy and slowly emitting light—which is key to their use in color reproduction and brightness in displays. Relationship:
Statement II explains why rare earth elements are crucial in displays, confirming the reason behind Statement I. Therefore, both statements are correct and related.

Majorana 1 chip is linked to quantum computing and deep learning is part of machine learning, but AWS did not introduce the Majorana 1 chip. * ✅ I. Majorana 1 chip – Expected to advance quantum computing. * ❌ II. AWS introducing Majorana 1 – Incorrect, it’s a Microsoft project. * ✅III. Deep learning – A subset of machine learning. Only statements I and III are correct.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircraft systems operated without a human pilot onboard. Their capabilities depend on design type (like fixed-wing, multirotor, or hybrid) and power source. ❌ I. Vertical landing – Only VTOL and multirotor drones can do vertical landings. Fixed-wing UAVs cannot. ❌II. Automated hovering – Only multirotor drones and advanced hybrids can hover. Fixed-wing UAVs cannot hover at all. ❌ III. Battery-only power – Not all UAVs use batteries. Larger ones may use fuel, hybrid, or solar power. None of the statements are correct.

Fifth-generation fighter aircraft are characterized by advanced stealth, superior agility, advanced avionics, and integrated computer systems. Let's consider the aircraft listed: 1. Rafael (Rafale): This is a 4.5 generation multirole fighter aircraft developed by Dassault Aviation. 2. MiG-29: This is a fourth-generation multirole fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan in the Soviet Union. 3. Tejas MK-1: This is a fourth-generation light multirole fighter aircraft developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in India.  _None of the above aircraft are considered fifth-generation fighter aircraft._

Metaverse: This term accurately describes a network of interconnected, persistent 3D virtual spaces.  Key characteristics of the metaverse often include: * Interoperability: Users can move between different virtual worlds seamlessly. * User-Generated Content: Users can create, own, and trade virtual assets. * Social Interaction: The metaverse facilitates social experiences and interactions. _Let's look at why the other options are incorrect:_ * Big data analytics: This involves analyzing large and complex datasets to uncover patterns and insights. It's not directly related to virtual worlds. * Cryptography: This focuses on secure communication and data protection techniques. While relevant to security within a metaverse, it doesn't define the concept itself. * Virtual matrix: This term is not commonly used to describe the concept outlined in the question. The term 'matrix' is often associated with a grid-like structure or a virtual reality environment, but not the broader interconnected network the question describes.

* Statement 1:  Correct.  The Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) is 100% centrally funded by the Central Government for Union Territories and North-Eastern States. For other states, the funding pattern may vary, but it largely involves central assistance for implementing the scheme. * Statement 2: Correct. Cadastral Maps (detailed maps showing boundaries of individual land parcels) are being digitized under the scheme. This aims to create accurate digital land records, enabling better governance and reduced disputes. * Statement 3: Correct. An initiative has been undertaken to transliterate Records of Rights (RoR) from local languages into languages recognized by the Constitution of India. This improves accessibility and ensures land records are understood by a wider audience.

* Statement 1 is correct: Trade and Technology Council was launched by the the United States of America and the European Union during the EU-US Summit on 15 June 2021 in Brussels.  * Statement 2 is incorrect: Trade and Technology council, the USA and EU does not aim to bring technological progress and physical productivity under their control. Rather the initiative intends to promote pooling of digital resources such as AI models and computing power, and make them available to partner countries to address challenges in areas such as climate change and extreme weather, healthcare or smart agriculture.