UPSC notes

Contents

Topics grouped by GS paper. Open any entry for background, facts, how Prelims asks it, and recent news.

1chapters
60topics
0updated today

Index

Chapter I

Environment & Ecology

60 topics
  1. § Air Pollution Crisis in India p.1

    India faces a severe air pollution crisis, with high PM2.5 levels leading to significant mortalit...

  2. § Anthropogenic Threats to Biodiversity p.1

    Human activities like drug use (NSAIDs), infrastructure development (electrocution), chemical pol...

  3. § Biodiversity Hotspots and Genetic Resources p.1

    The discovery of Solanum pandeyi in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands highlights the region's status ...

  4. § Carbon Credit Markets for Climate Mitigation p.2

    Carbon credit markets incentivize climate action by allowing projects that reduce or remove green...

  5. § Challenges in Environmental Governance and Policy Implementation in India p.2

    India's environmental crises are largely due to administrative failures in policy implementation,...

  6. § Challenges in Species Conservation p.2

    Species conservation faces major hurdles from habitat destruction, lack of scientific data, and h...

  7. § Climate Finance Taxonomy p.3

    India is developing a Climate Finance Taxonomy, announced in Budget 2024-25, to legally define 'g...

  8. § Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notifications p.3

    CRZ notifications are legal frameworks under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, designed to ...

  9. § Conservation Challenges for Critically Endangered Species in India p.3

    Focuses on the plight of critically endangered species like the white-bellied heron, highlighting...

  10. § Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) p.4

    CSIR is India's leading R&D organization, fostering scientific research and technology developmen...

  11. § Dam Safety and Management p.4

    Dam safety is paramount for India's water infrastructure, addressing issues like siltation-induce...

  12. § Decentralized Water and Sanitation Solutions p.4

    Decentralized water and sanitation solutions, including FSSM, FSTPs, advanced collection technolo...

  13. § ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) & Sustainable Finance p.9

    The MoU between SEBI, NISM, and IICA focuses on advancing ESG principles and sustainable finance ...

  14. § Early Warning Systems for Weather and Climate Disasters p.5

    Early Warning Systems are vital for India's disaster preparedness, leveraging advanced observatio...

  15. § Earthquake Preparedness and Disaster Management in India p.5

    India's earthquake preparedness involves continuous seismic monitoring by NCS, risk assessment, e...

  16. § Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) p.5

    Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) leverages natural ecosystems for climate adaptation, providing c...

  17. § Effectiveness and Challenges of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India p.6

    Examines the shortcomings of India's EIA process, using the Lohit River project as an example to ...

  18. § Electric Vehicle Policy and Implementation Challenges p.6

    EV policies aim to drive transport electrification for environmental benefits, but face significa...

  19. § Environmental Compensation and Polluter Pays Principle p.7

    Environmental Compensation, based on the 'Polluter Pays Principle', is a legal tool in SWM Rules ...

  20. § Environmental Conservation Initiatives (Afforestation) p.7

    Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) have undertaken a massive afforestation drive across India, p...

  21. § Environmental Governance Challenges in Digital Infrastructure Projects p.7

    The rapid expansion of digital infrastructure, particularly hyperscale data centres, presents sig...

  22. § Environmental Governance in India: Challenges and Reforms p.8

    India's environmental governance is hampered by underfunding, fragmented data, and a lack of comp...

  23. § Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) p.8

    EIA is a legal framework for assessing project impacts on environment, crucial for sustainable de...

  24. § Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Renewable Energy Projects p.8

    EIA is a crucial tool for assessing project impacts, but exemptions for renewable energy projects...

  25. § Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts of Large Dams/Barrages p.6

    Examines the multifaceted effects of large river infrastructure on natural environments (hydrolog...

  26. § Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Climate Change Policy p.9

    Government support for fossil fuels, through subsidies or regulatory rollbacks, directly countera...

  27. § Genetic Diversity in Wildlife Conservation p.9

    Genetic diversity is the variety of genes within a species, crucial for its survival and adaptati...

  28. § Governance, Resource Rights, and Development Challenges in Tribal Areas p.10

    Despite FRA and PESA, tribal areas face governance challenges, with Gram Sabha rights often subve...

  29. § Heat Action Plans (HAPs) and Disaster Management Framework p.10

    HAPs are crucial policy tools for managing heatwave impacts, involving early warnings, vulnerabil...

  30. § Heat Stress and Heatwaves p.10

    Heat stress and heatwaves are escalating extreme weather events, driven by climate change and loc...

  31. § Heatwave Management and Early Warning Systems in India p.11

    India's strategy for heatwave management involves IMD's impact-based forecasting, NDMA's guidelin...

  32. § Heatwaves and Climate Change Impacts p.11

    Heatwaves are extreme weather events with severe health and infrastructure impacts, whose increas...

  33. § Heatwaves and Public Health Impacts p.11

    Heatwaves are a growing public health crisis driven by climate change, severely impacting outdoor...

  34. § Hydro-meteorological Disasters p.12

    Hydro-meteorological disasters, such as floods and landslides triggered by extreme rainfall, are ...

  35. § Impacts of Environmental Degradation and Climate Change in India p.12

    India faces a severe environmental crisis marked by widespread extreme weather events (heat waves...

  36. § India's Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy and Policy Gaps p.12

    India's industrial decarbonisation strategy, crucial for net-zero 2070, faces challenges due to a...

  37. § Industrial Safety and Hazard Management p.13

    The article highlights severe failures in industrial safety management, leading to a deadly ammon...

  38. § Industrial Safety and Occupational Health p.13

    Industrial safety ensures worker well-being and productivity by preventing accidents and occupati...

  39. § Integrated Climate and Development Finance p.13

    Integrated Climate and Development Finance proposes a framework to value the multiple returns (cl...

  40. § Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) p.14

    India is adopting an integrated approach to water management, moving from fragmented intervention...

  41. § International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) p.14

    The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is a global initiative launched by India to conserve se...

  42. § National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) p.14

    The NBA is India's statutory body, established under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, to regul...

  43. § National Green Tribunal (NGT) p.15

    The NGT is India's specialized environmental court, ensuring timely justice in environmental matt...

  44. § Nuclear Safety and Radioactive Waste Management in India p.15

    India prioritizes nuclear safety through principles like defence-in-depth and robust regulatory o...

  45. § People's Biodiversity Register (PBR) p.15

    PBRs are local biodiversity inventories mandated by the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, prepared ...

  46. § Peri-urban Governance and Water & Sanitation Challenges p.16

    Peri-urban areas in India face a severe water and sanitation crisis due to rapid, unplanned growt...

  47. § Pesticide Regulation and Management in India p.16

    India's pesticide regulation, primarily under the Insecticides Act, 1968, faces significant chall...

  48. § Plastic Waste Management in Forest Areas p.16

    State government's policy to completely ban plastic in forest areas to enhance environmental cons...

  49. § Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) p.17

    A PHEIC is a WHO declaration under the IHR (2005) for extraordinary public health risks with pote...

  50. § Ramsar Sites and Wetland Conservation p.17

    Ramsar sites are globally recognized wetlands vital for biodiversity and ecosystem services, faci...

  51. § Sagarmala Programme p.17

    A flagship government program for port-led development, aiming to transform India's logistics and...

  52. § Ship Recycling Sector & Policy in India p.18

    India has emerged as the world leader in ship recycling, driven by policy reforms like the Recycl...

  53. § Social Forestry and Youth Engagement in Environmental Conservation p.18

    Government initiative to revive Social Forestry Clubs in schools to actively involve students in ...

  54. § Solid Waste Management (SWM) in India p.18

    SWM in India is a complex challenge requiring integrated approaches from source segregation to sc...

  55. § Source Segregation of Waste p.19

    Source segregation is the mandatory separation of waste at its origin, crucial for efficient SWM ...

  56. § Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) p.19

    SCP focuses on minimizing environmental impact while ensuring economic growth and social equity, ...

  57. § Urban Flood Resilience and Climate Adaptation p.19

    Urban flood resilience is crucial for Indian cities facing intensified rainfall due to climate ch...

  58. § Vulture Conservation in India p.20

    Vulture populations in India, including the Egyptian Vulture, have plummeted due to NSAIDs, elect...

  59. § Wildlife Translocation and Metapopulation Approach in Conservation p.20

    A key conservation strategy involving moving species to new habitats to create multiple, intercon...

  60. § Wildlife Translocation as a Conservation Strategy p.20

    Wildlife translocation is a conservation method involving moving animals to new habitats to boost...

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